Maisnarben – eine (un)bekannte traditionelle Arzneidroge

Zusammenfassung

Maisnarben (Stigmata Maydis) sind eine eher unbekannte Arzneidroge, gewonnen von Zea mays L. Volksheilkundlich und in der Homöopathie wird die Droge v. a. bei Erkrankungen der ableitenden Harnwege eingesetzt. Neuere Untersuchungen weisen auf eine Wirksamkeit bei Stoffwechselerkrankungen hin. Bisher strittig sind phytochemische Untersuchungen zur Anwesenheit von Alkaloiden, die bisher kaum spezifiziert wurden. Mit den üblichen Arzneibuch-Detektionsverfahren konnten wir keine Alkaloide detektieren. Erst Untersuchungen mittels HPLC-MS/MS-Technik lassen die Anwesenheit von geringen Mengen an Fusarinsäure vermuten, ein Picolinsäurederivat (Pyridinalkaloid), das beim Befall der Pflanze mit Fusarium spp. gebildet wird. Da neben der Fusarinsäure auch Mykotoxine gebildet werden können, sollte auf eine sorgfältige Qualitätskontrolle vor der Anwendung dieser Droge geachtet werden.

Abstract

The dried corn silk (Stigmata maydis), obtained from Zea mays L., is a rather unknown medicinal drug. In traditional medicine and in homeopathy, the drug is used primarily for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Recent studies indicate an effectiveness in metabolic diseases. Controversy emanates from the phytochemical studies on the presence of alkaloids. The alkaloids have hardly been specified. Our study could not detect any alkaloids with the usual pharmacopeia detection methods. However, investigations using HPLC-MS/MS method led to the assumption of the presence of small amounts of fusaric acid, a picolinic acid derivative (pyridine alkaloid), which are caused by the infection of the plant with Fusarium spp. There is the possibility of mycotoxins being formed in addition to fusaric acid. Therefore, care should be exercised to ensure careful quality control before the drug is used.

Publication History

Article published online:
28 November 2022

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