Patientenfaktoren in der Behandlung von Straftätern: Persönlichkeit, Therapiemotivation und Outcome

Zusammenfassung

Anhand eines systematischen Literaturreviews nach den PRISMA-Kriterien wurden Patientenfaktoren von Straftätern mit forensischen Outcomes in Bezug gesetzt. Recherchiert wurde in den Datenbanken PsycInfo und PSYNDEX, weitere relevante Studien wurden den Literaturverzeichnissen von Studien, die die Selektionskriterien erfüllten, entnommen. Es wurden nur quantitative empirische Studien für den Zeitraum 1990–2021 eingeschlossen. Befunde aus 31 Arbeiten zu Patientenfaktoren (Persönlichkeit, Therapiemotivation, Therapieerwartung, Zufriedenheit mit der Therapie) werden referiert. Patientenfaktoren lassen sich nicht immer einheitlich mit Outcomes in Verbindung bringen. Die deutlichsten Zusammenhänge ergaben sich zwischen der Ausprägung anti- bzw. dissozialen Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und/oder Psychopathy und (negativen) Therapieergebnissen. Merkmale, die in der Regel mit antisozialen Entwicklungen assoziiert sind (Impulsivität, Ärger, Wut, Feindseligkeit), korrelieren teilweise ebenfalls negativ mit therapeutisch wünschenswerten Ergebnissen. Die Therapiemotivation von Patienten dürfte sich im Allgemeinen positiv auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit erfolgreicher forensischer Therapien auswirken, aber nicht alle einschlägigen Studien weisen in diese Richtung. Studien, die Therapieerwartung und Zufriedenheit im Zusammenhang mit forensischen Outcomes untersuchen, wurden nicht identifiziert. In Anlehnung an die allgemeine Psychotherapieforschung könnte die Therapie von Straftätern von breiter angelegten Konzepten zur Untersuchung der Therapiewirksamkeit profitieren.

Abstract

Using a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA criteria, patient factors of offenders were related to forensic outcomes. Searches were conducted in the PsycInfo and PSYNDEX databases; further relevant studies were taken from the bibliographies of studies that met the selection criteria. Only quantitative empirical studies for the period 1990–2021 were included. Findings from 31 studies on patient factors (personality, therapy motivation, therapy expectation, satisfaction with therapy) are reported. Patient factors could not always be consistently associated with outcomes. The clearest correlations were found between the expression of anti- or dissocial personality traits and/or psychopathy and (negative) therapy outcomes. Traits usually associated with antisocial developments (impulsivity, anger, rage, hostility) in some cases also correlated negatively with therapeutically desirable outcomes. Patient motivation for therapy should generally have a positive impact on the likelihood of successful forensic therapies, but not all relevant studies pointed in this direction. No studies were identified on the relationships between therapy expectancy or satisfaction and outcome. Based on general psychotherapy research, we suggest that offender therapy could benefit from broader approaches to studying therapy effectiveness.

Schlüsselwörter

Persönlichkeit - Psychopathy - Therapiemotivation - Therapieergebnis - Straftätertherapie

Key words

Personality - Psychopathy - Therapy motivation - Therapy outcome - Offender therapy

Publication History

Received: 01 February 2022

Accepted: 05 June 2022

Article published online:
10 August 2022

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