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B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport 2022; 38(05): 216-227
DOI: 10.1055/a-1909-5900
Wissenschaft

Sporttherapeutische Behandlungsmethoden nach einer Gehirnerschütterung

Sports Therapy Treatment Methods after a Concussion
Michael Skibba
1   Arbeitsgruppe Sportmotorik, Institut für Bewegungstherapie und bewegungsorientierte Prävention und Rehabilitation, Abteilung für Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychiatrie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
,
Jessica Reinhardt
1   Arbeitsgruppe Sportmotorik, Institut für Bewegungstherapie und bewegungsorientierte Prävention und Rehabilitation, Abteilung für Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychiatrie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
,
Ingo Helmich
1   Arbeitsgruppe Sportmotorik, Institut für Bewegungstherapie und bewegungsorientierte Prävention und Rehabilitation, Abteilung für Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychiatrie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
2   Abteilung für Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychiatrie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
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Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Die Gehirnerschütterung (GE) ist eine häufig, insbesondere im Sport, auftretende Verletzung und kann zu langfristigen gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen führen. Studien deuten darauf hin, dass eine aktive statt passive Rehabilitation nach einer GE den Genesungsprozess unterstützen und längerfristige Auswirkungen reduzieren kann. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, mittels eines systematischen Reviews einen Überblick über spezifische sporttherapeutische Behandlungsmethoden und deren Einfluss auf die Genesung nach einer GE zu untersuchen.

Methoden systematische Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse Fünf von sechs randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien (RCT) zeigten, dass ein aerobes Training (AT) sowohl die Erholungszeit als auch die Gefahr langfristiger Symptome nach einer GE reduzieren kann. Drei RCTs zeigten, dass eine vestibuläre Rehabilitation (VR), die insbesondere Gleichgewichtstraining sowie visuelle und sensomotorische Übungen umfasst, und manuelle therapeutische Maßnahmen (MT) Symptome wie z. B. Schwindel, Nackenschmerzen und Kopfschmerzen reduzieren können. In keiner der neun Studien wurden negative Begleiterscheinungen bewegungstherapeutischer Maßnahmen nach einer GE beobachtet.

Fazit Sporttherapeutische Maßnahmen scheinen ein effektives Instrument für die Behandlung nach einer GE zu sein. Eine VR scheint sich positiv auf die Symptome Schwindel, Nackenschmerzen und/oder Kopfschmerzen auszuwirken. Ein AT kann hingegen unabhängig von der Art der Symptomatik eingesetzt werden und die Genesungszeit sowie mögliche langfristige Symptome nach einer GE reduzieren. Daher sind spezifische sporttherapeutische Maßnahmen nicht nur wirksam hinsichtlich der Genesung nach einer GE, sondern sollten bereits nach kurzer Ruhephase initiiert werden.

Summary

Introduction Concussion is a common injury, especially in sports, and can lead to long-term health impairments. Studies suggest that active rather than passive rehabilitation after concussion can support the recovery process and reduce long-term effects. Therefore, the objective of this article is to use a systematic review to provide an overview of specific sports therapy treatment methods and their influence on recovery after concussion.

Methods systematic literature research.

Results Five of the six randomized controlled trials (RCT) showed that aerobic exercise (AT) can reduce both recovery time and the risk of long-term symptoms after concussion. Three RCTs showed that vestibular rehabilitation (VR), which specifically includes balance, visual and sensorimotor exercises, and manual therapeutic measures (MT) can reduce symptoms such as dizziness, neck pain and headache. In none of the nine studies were negative side effects of exercise therapy measures observed after concussion.

Conclusion Sports therapy measures seem to be an effective tool for treatment after concussion. VR appears to have a positive effect on the symptoms of dizziness, neck pain and/or headaches. An AT, on the other hand, can be used regardless of the type of symptomatology to reduce recovery time and possible long-term symptoms after concussion. Therefore, specific sports therapy measures are not only effective with regard to recovery after a concussion, but should also be initiated after a short rest period.

Stichworte

Review - Gehirnerschütterung - Rehabilitation - Sporttherapie - Intervention.

Key words

review - concussion - rehabilitation - sports therapy - intervention.


Publication History

Received: 20 December 2021

Accepted after revision: 22 June 2022

Article published online:
10 October 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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