Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131(01/02): 33-50
DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-3753
German Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Guidelines

Nutritional Recommendations for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors

  • Diana Rubin

    1   Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany
    2   Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
  • Anja Bosy-Westphal

    3   Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  • Stefan Kabisch

    4   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
    5   German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
  • Peter Kronsbein

    6   Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
  • Marie-Christine Simon

    7   Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
  • Astrid Tombek

    8   Diabetes Center Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
  • Katharina S. Weber

    9   Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  • Thomas Skurk

    10   ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
Notice of update

The DDG practice recommendations are updated regularly during the second half of the calendar year. Please ensure that you read and cite the respective current version.

Updates To Content And Different Recommendations Compared To The Previous Year’s Version

Recommendation 1: Statement on the Use of Automatic Insulin Dosing (AID) Systems

Reason: How to proceed in case of system failure

Recommendation 2: Notice on dose adjustment for evening protein-rich food

Reason: Risk of hypoglycemia

Abbreviations

ADI Acceptable Daily Intake

CGM Continuous glucose monitoring

EFSA European Food Safety Authority

EN% Energy percent

GI Glycemic index

MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment

n-9RCFA Red cell phospholipid fatty acids

rtCGM Real-time CGM

iscCGM Intermittent-scanning CGM

T1Dm Type 1 diabetes mellitus



Publication History

Article published online:
13 January 2023

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