Mitragyna speciosa Korth., der Kratombaum

Zusammenfassung

Der Kratom-Baum, Mitragyna speciosa Korth., ist in feuchten Tieflandwäldern der Malaiischen Halbinsel und auf dem Malaiischen Archipel verbreitet. Die Blätter wurden volksmedizinisch bei Bluthochdruck, Durchfall, Husten oder Fieber verwendet. Aufgrund opioidartiger Effekte besitzt die Pflanze in asiatischen Ländern wie Thailand und Malaysia eine lange Nutzungsgeschichte. Die frischen Blätter werden als anregendes Genussmittel gekaut oder als Teeaufguss getrunken. Phytochemische Untersuchungen führten zur Isolierung von iridoiden Indolalkaloiden wie Mitragynin; neben den Alkaloiden sind Flavonoide, Kaffeesäurederivate, Monoterpene und Triterpenglykoside enthalten. Moderne In-vitro-Untersuchungen belegen eine Interaktion verschiedener Alkaloide mit Opioid-Rezeptoren, tierexperimentelle Befunde deuten auf eine analgetische und möglicherweise antidepressive/anxiolytische Wirkung hin. Klinische Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Blattdroge liegen bisher nicht vor.

Abstract

Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa Korth., is an indigenous tree of lowland forests of southeast Asia. The leaves were used in folk medicine against different ailments including hypertension, diarrhea, cough, and fever. Due to opioid-like effects, kratom has a longstanding history in southeast Asian countries such as Thailand or Malaysia. Its fresh leaves are used as infusion or just chewed for their stimulant properties. Phytochemical analysis led to the isolation of several indole alkaloids, e. g., mitragynine. Further constituents are flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, monoterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides. Modern in vitro assays demonstrated the interaction of kratom alkaloids with opioid receptors. In animal models, antinociceptive and antidepressant/anxiolytic properties have been found. However, clinical studies proving the efficacy of kratom leaves are still lacking.

Schlüsselwörter

Mitragyna speciosa - Rubiaceae - Kratom - Mitragynin - biologische Aktivität

Key words

Mitragyna speciosa - Rubiaceae - kratom - mitragynine - biological activity

Publication History

Article published online:
07 June 2023

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