PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83(06): 673-685
DOI: 10.1055/a-2073-1887
GebFra Science
Review

Systemische Therapie von prämenopausalen Patientinnen mit hormonrezeptorpositivem, HER2-negativem Brustkrebs in den Frühstadien – Kontroversen und Standards in der Krankenversorgung

Artikel in mehreren Sprachen: English | deutsch
Volkmar Müller
1   Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
,
Peter A. Fasching
2   Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
,
Naiba Nabieva
3   Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany
,
Tanja N. Fehm
4   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Marc Thill
5   Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
,
Marcus Schmidt
6   Universitäts-Frauenklinik Mainz, Mainz, Germany
,
Thorsten Kühn
7   Filder-Klinik, Filderstadt-Bonlanden, Germany
,
Maggie Banys-Paluchowski
8   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
,
Erik Belleville
9   ClinSol GmbH & Co KG, Würzburg, Germany
,
Ingolf Juhasz-Böss
10   Universitäts-Frauenklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN14879)
,
Michael Untch
11   Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN62473)
,
Hans-Christian Kolberg
12   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marienhospital Bottrop, Bottrop, Germany
,
Nadia Harbeck
13   Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and CCC Munich LMU, LMU University Hospital, München, Germany
,
Bahriye Aktas
14   Department of Gynecology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
,
Elmar Stickeler
15   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf), University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
,
Julia Kreuzeder
3   Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany
,
Andreas D. Hartkopf
16   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN27197)
,
Wolfgang Janni
16   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN27197)
,
Nina Ditsch
17   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN39694)
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
   Lizenzen und Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Die adjuvante endokrine Behandlung von prämenopausalen Patientinnen mit einem hormonrezeptorpositiven, HER2-negativen (HR-pos./HER2-neg.) Mammakarzinom unterliegt bei bestehender Ovarialfunktion einigen Besonderheiten. Als therapeutische Optionen stehen Tamoxifen mit oder ohne GnRH-Analogon und Aromatasehemmer mit GnRH-Analogon zur Verfügung. Des Weiteren wird die Ovarialfunktion durch eine vorherige Chemotherapie beeinflusst. Sowohl die Indikation für GnRH-Analoga in Kombination mit Tamoxifen als auch die Indikation für Aromatasehemmer (+GnRH-Analoga) sind für Patientinnen mit einem erhöhten Rückfallrisiko vorgesehen.

In nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen ist jedoch keine klare Grenze für ein mittleres oder hohes Risiko definiert, sodass viele Therapieentscheidungen für jede Patientin individuell getroffen werden. Dies spiegelt sich auch in einer großen nationalen und internationalen Variabilität z. B. beim Einsatz von Aromatasehemmern + GnRH-Analoga wider.

Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Datenlage zu den abgeschlossenen Studien (z. B. SOFT, TEXT, EBCTCG-Metaanalysen), den aktuellen Multigentest-Studien (TailorX, RxPonder, ADAPT) zusammen, diskutiert die Rationale für aktuell durchgeführte Studien (z. B. CLEAR-B) und gibt einen Ausblick auf künftige Fragestellungen.

Schlüsselwörter

Brustkrebs - prämenopausale Therapie - Aromatasehemmer - Tamoxifen - GnRH


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 27. Februar 2023

Angenommen nach Revision: 03. April 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. Mai 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References/Literatur

  • 1 Lambertini M, Pinto AC, Ameye L. et al. The prognostic performance of Adjuvant! Online and Nottingham Prognostic Index in young breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2016; 115: 1471-1478 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.359. (PMID: 27802449)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Collins LC, Marotti JD, Gelber S. et al. Pathologic features and molecular phenotype by patient age in a large cohort of young women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 131: 1061-1066 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1872-9.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Engel C, Rhiem K, Hahnen E. et al. Prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutations among 802 women with unilateral triple-negative breast cancer without family cancer history. BMC Cancer 2018; 18: 265 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4029-y.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Fasching PA, Yadav S, Hu C. et al. Mutations in BRCA1/2 and Other Panel Genes in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer -Association With Patient and Disease Characteristics and Effect on Prognosis. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39: 1619-1630 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.20.01200.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Lambe M, Hsieh C, Trichopoulos D. et al. Transient increase in the risk of breast cancer after giving birth. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 5-9 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199407073310102. (PMID: 8202106)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 van den Brandt PA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS. et al. Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 514-527 DOI: 10.1093/aje/152.6.514. (PMID: 10997541)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Francis PA. Role of Ovarian Suppression in Early Premenopausal Breast Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37: 79-88 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.08.006. (PMID: 36435615)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Lu YS, Wong A, Kim HJ. Ovarian Function Suppression With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive Early Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women. Front Oncol 2021; 11: 700722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700722. (PMID: 34595110)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Untch M, von Minckwitz G, Konecny GE. et al. PREPARE trial: a randomized phase III trial comparing preoperative, dose-dense, dose-intensified chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and CMF versus a standard-dosed epirubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with or without darbepoetin alfa in primary breast cancer--outcome on prognosis. Ann Oncol 2011; 22: 1999-2006 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq713. (PMID: 21382868)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M. et al. Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: the CTNeoBC pooled analysis. Lancet 2014; 384: 164-172 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62422-8. (PMID: 24529560)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Kalinsky K, Barlow WE, Gralow JR. et al. 21-Gene Assay to Inform Chemotherapy Benefit in Node-Positive Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 2336-2347 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2108873. (PMID: 34914339)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Piccart M, van ’t Veer LJ, Poncet C. et al. 70-gene signature as an aid for treatment decisions in early breast cancer: updated results of the phase 3 randomised MINDACT trial with an exploratory analysis by age. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22: 476-488 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00007-3.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF. et al. Adjuvant Chemotherapy Guided by a 21-Gene Expression Assay in Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 111-121 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804710. (PMID: 29860917)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Nitz UA, Gluz O, Kummel S. et al. Endocrine Therapy Response and 21-Gene Expression Assay for Therapy Guidance in HR+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40: 2557-2567 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.02759. (PMID: 35404683)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Ditsch N, Kolberg-Liedtke C, Friedrich M. et al. AGO Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2021. Breast Care (Basel) 2021; 16: 214-227 DOI: 10.1159/000516419.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Clemons M, Danson S, Howell A. Tamoxifen (“Nolvadex”): a review. Cancer Treat Rev 2002; 28: 165-180 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(02)00036-1. (PMID: 12363457)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 ShaguftaAhmad I, Mathew S. et al. Recent progress in selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11: 438-454 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00570f. (PMID: 33479648)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hernando C, Ortega-Morillo B, Tapia M. et al. Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs) as a Novel Breast Cancer Therapy: Present and Future from a Clinical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157812.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Ruiz-Borrego M, Guerrero-Zotano A, Bermejo B. et al. Phase III evaluating the addition of fulvestrant (F) to anastrozole (A) as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC): results from the GEICAM/2006–10 study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177: 115-125 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05296-8.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Bartsch R, Bago-Horvath Z, Berghoff A. et al. Ovarian function suppression and fulvestrant as endocrine therapy in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48: 1932-1938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.03.002.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Loibl S, Turner NC, Ro J. et al. Palbociclib Combined with Fulvestrant in Premenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Cancer and Prior Progression on Endocrine Therapy: PALOMA-3 Results. Oncologist 2017; 22: 1028-1038 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0072.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Santen RJ. Recent progress in development of aromatase inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1990; 37: 1029-1035 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(90)90461-s. (PMID: 2149503)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Thurlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS. Breast International Group (BIG) 1–98 Collaborative Group. et al. A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2747-2757 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa052258.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ. et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1081-1092 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa040331.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J. et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 2131-2139 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09088-8. (PMID: 12090977)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet 2015; 386: 1341-1352 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61074-1.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Capezzuoli T, Rossi M, La Torre F. et al. Hormonal drugs for the treatment of endometriosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67: 102311 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102311. (PMID: 36279764)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Walshe JM, Denduluri N, Swain SM. Amenorrhea in premenopausal women after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 5769-5779 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.2793. (PMID: 17130515)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Pagani O, O’Neill A, Castiglione M. et al. Prognostic impact of amenorrhoea after adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients with axillary node involvement: results of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial VI. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34: 632-640 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)10036-3.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Swain SM, Jeong JH, Geyer jr. CE. et al. Longer therapy, iatrogenic amenorrhea, and survival in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2053-2065 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909638. (PMID: 20519679)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Swain SM, Jeong JH, Wolmark N. Amenorrhea from breast cancer therapy--not a matter of dose. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 2268-2270 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1009616.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Colleoni M, Gelber S, Goldhirsch A. International Breast Cancer Study Group. et al. Tamoxifen after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women with lymph node-positive breast cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 13–93. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 1332-1341 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.0783.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Ahn SH, Son BH, Kim SW. et al. Poor outcome of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer at very young age is due to tamoxifen resistance: nationwide survival data in Korea--a report from the Korean Breast Cancer Society. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 2360-2368 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.3754.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Yothers G. et al. Adjuvant therapy for very young women with breast cancer: need for tailored treatments. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2001; 44-51 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003459.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Aebi S, Gelber S, Castiglione-Gertsch M. et al. Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer?. Lancet 2000; 355: 1869-1874 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02292-3.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Petrek JA, Naughton MJ, Case LD. et al. Incidence, time course, and determinants of menstrual bleeding after breast cancer treatment: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 1045-1051 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.3969. (PMID: 16476708)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI. et al. Risk of menopause during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 2365-2370 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.8.2365.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Krekow LK, Hellerstedt BA, Collea RP. et al. Incidence and Predictive Factors for Recovery of Ovarian Function in Amenorrheic Women in Their 40 s Treated With Letrozole. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34: 1594-1600 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.62.2985.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Guerrero A, Gavila J, Folkerd E. et al. Incidence and predictors of ovarian function recovery (OFR) in breast cancer (BC) patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) who switched from tamoxifen to exemestane. Ann Oncol 2013; 24: 674-679 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds464.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Smith IE, Dowsett M, Yap YS. et al. Adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer after chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea: caution and suggested guidelines. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 2444-2447 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.3694. (PMID: 16735701)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Beatson GT. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment with illustrative cases. Lancet 1896; ii: 104-117
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 De Courmelles FV. La radiothérapie indirecte, ou dirigée par les corrélations organiques. Arch Elect Med 1922; 32: 264
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy. 133 randomised trials involving 31,000 recurrences and 24,000 deaths among 75,000 women. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 1992; 339: 71-85
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Bonadonna G, Brusamolino E, Valagussa P. et al. Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 405-410 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM197602192940801. (PMID: 1246307)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Ovarian ablation in early breast cancer: overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 1996; 348: 1189-1196
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Ditsch N, Wöcke A, Untch M. et al. AGO Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2022. Breast Care 2022; DOI: 10.1159/000524879.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft und Deutsche Krebshilfe und AWMF). S3-Leitlinie Früherkennung, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms, Version 4.0, AWMF Registernummer:032–045OL. 2017 Zugriff am 23. Juli 2018 unter: http://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/mammakarzinom/
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS. et al. Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2013. Ann Oncol 2013; 24: 2206-2223 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt303.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Coates AS. et al. Strategies for subtypes--dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011. Ann Oncol 2011; 22: 1736-1747 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr304.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Goldhirsch A, Ingle JN, Gelber RD. et al. Thresholds for therapies: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2009. Ann Oncol 2009; 20: 1319-1329 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp322. (PMID: 19535820)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Gelber RD. et al. Progress and promise: highlights of the international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2007. Ann Oncol 2007; 18: 1133-1144 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm271. (PMID: 17675394)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Goldhirsch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD. et al. Meeting highlights: international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2005. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1569-1583 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi326. (PMID: 16148022)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Gelber RD. et al. Meeting highlights: updated international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3357-3365 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.04.576. (PMID: 12847142)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Griggs JJ, Somerfield MR, Anderson H. et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology endorsement of the cancer care Ontario practice guideline on adjuvant ovarian ablation in the treatment of premenopausal women with early-stage invasive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 3939-3942 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4950.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Sauerbrei W. et al. Goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: The Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Study. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 4628-4635 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.05.042.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 clinicaltrials.gov. NCT00066690. Suppression of Ovarian Function With Either Tamoxifen or Exemestane Compared With Tamoxifen Alone in Treating Premenopausal Women With Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer (SOFT). NIH US National Library of Medicine; 2003. Zugriff am 01. Februar 2023 unter: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00066690
    Google Scholar
  • 57 clinicaltrials.gov. NCT00066703. Triptorelin With Either Exemestane or Tamoxifen in Treating Premenopausal Women With Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer (TEXT). NIH US National Library of Medicine; 2003. Zugriff am 01. Februar 2023 unter: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00066703
    Google Scholar
  • 58 clinicaltrials.gov. NCT00066807. Premenopausal Endocrine Responsive Chemotherapy Trial (PERCHE). NIH US National Library of Medicine; 2003. Zugriff am 01. Februar 2023 unter: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00066807
    Google Scholar
  • 59 clinicaltrials.gov. NCT00295646. Tamoxifen Versus Anastrozole, Alone or in Combination With Zoledronic Acid. NIH US National Library of Medicine; 2006. Zugriff am 01. Februar 2023 unter: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00295646
    Google Scholar
  • 60 clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00412022. NCT00412022. HOBOE: A Phase 3 Study of Adjuvant Triptorelin and Tamoxifen, Letrozole, or Letrozole and Zoledronic Acid in Premenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer. (HOBOE). NIH US National Library of Medicine; 2006
    Google Scholar
  • 61 Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with ovarian suppression: a patient-level meta-analysis of 7030 women from four randomised trials. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23: 382-392 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00758-0.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Bradley R, Braybrooke J, Gray R. et al. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in pre-menopausal women with estrogen receptor positive early stage breast cancer treated with ovarian suppression: A patient level meta-analysis of 7,030 women in four randomised trials. In: San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2021. 2021: GS2–04
    Google Scholar
  • 63 Regan MM, Walley BA, Fleming GF. et al. Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC): update of the combined TEXT and SOFT trials. In: San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2021. 2022: GS2–05
    Google Scholar
  • 64 Vaz-Luis I, Francis PA, Di Meglio A. et al. Challenges in Adjuvant Therapy for Premenopausal Women Diagnosed With Luminal Breast Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41: 1-15 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_320595.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Ferreira AR, Di Meglio A, Pistilli B. et al. Differential impact of endocrine therapy and chemotherapy on quality of life of breast cancer survivors: a prospective patient-reported outcomes analysis. Ann Oncol 2019; 30: 1784-1795 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz298. (PMID: 31591636)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Bernhard J, Luo W, Ribi K. et al. Patient-reported outcomes with adjuvant exemestane versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with early breast cancer undergoing ovarian suppression (TEXT and SOFT): a combined analysis of two phase 3 randomised trials. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16: 848-858 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00049-2.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Ribi K, Luo W, Bernhard J. et al. Adjuvant Tamoxifen Plus Ovarian Function Suppression Versus Tamoxifen Alone in Premenopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer: Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34: 1601-1610 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.8675.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Saha P, Regan MM, Pagani O. et al. Treatment Efficacy, Adherence, and Quality of Life Among Women Younger Than 35 Years in the International Breast Cancer Study Group TEXT and SOFT Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Trials. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35: 3113-3122 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2016.72.0946.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Johnston SRD, Harbeck N, Hegg R. et al. Abemaciclib Combined With Endocrine Therapy for the Adjuvant Treatment of HR+, HER2-, Node-Positive, High-Risk, Early Breast Cancer (monarchE). J Clin Oncol 2020; 38: 3987-3998 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.20.02514.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Rachner TD, Gobel A, Jaschke NP. et al. Challenges in Preventing Bone Loss Induced by Aromatase Inhibitors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105: dgaa463 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa463. (PMID: 32674135)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Ramchand SK, Seeman E, Wang XF. et al. Premenopausal women with early breast cancer treated with estradiol suppression have severely deteriorated bone microstructure. Bone 2017; 103: 131-135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.024.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Gnant M, Mlineritsch B, Luschin-Ebengreuth G. et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: 5-year follow-up of the ABCSG-12 bone-mineral density substudy. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9: 840-849 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70204-3.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Nabieva N, Fehm T, Haberle L. et al. Influence of side-effects on early therapy persistence with letrozole in post-menopausal patients with early breast cancer: Results of the prospective EvAluate-TM study. Eur J Cancer 2018; 96: 82-90 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.03.020.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Nabieva N, Haberle L, Brucker SY. et al. Preexisting musculoskeletal burden and its development under letrozole treatment in early breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2019; 145: 2114-2121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32294. (PMID: 30901076)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Nabieva N, Kellner S, Fehm T. et al. Influence of patient and tumor characteristics on early therapy persistence with letrozole in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: results of the prospective Evaluate-TM study with 3941 patients. Ann Oncol 2018; 29: 186-192 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx630.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 von Minckwitz G, Untch M, Nuesch E. et al. Impact of treatment characteristics on response of different breast cancer phenotypes: pooled analysis of the German neo-adjuvant chemotherapy trials. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 125: 145-156 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1228-x.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF. et al. Prospective Validation of a 21-Gene Expression Assay in Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 2005-2014 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510764. (PMID: 26412349)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Cardoso F, van’t Veer LJ, Bogaerts J. et al. 70-Gene Signature as an Aid to Treatment Decisions in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 717-729 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602253.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF. et al. Impact of clinical risk category on prognosis and prediction of chemotherapy benefit in early breast cancer (EBC) by age and the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in TAILORx. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37 (Suppl. 15) 503 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.503.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Kalinsky KM, Barlow WE, Gralow JR. et al. Distant-disease free interval in participants (pts) with 1–3 positive lymph nodes (LN), hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and her2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC) with recurrence score (RS) < or = 25 randomized to endocrine therapy (ET) +/- chemotherapy (CT): SWOG s1007 (RxPONDER). In: San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2021. 2021: GS2–07
    Google Scholar
  • 81 Rohatgi A. WebPlotDigitizer Version: 4.6. Zugriff am 01. September 2022 unter: https://automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Sparano J, Gray RJ, Makower D. et al. Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx): An update including 12-year event rates. In: San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2022. 2022: GS1–05
    Google Scholar
  • 83 Harbeck N, Rastogi P, Martin M. et al. Adjuvant abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy for high-risk early breast cancer: updated efficacy and Ki-67 analysis from the monarchE study. Ann Oncol 2021; 32: 1571-1581 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.09.015.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Paluch-Shimon S, Lueck H, Beith J. et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy combined with abemaciclib in monarchE patients with high-risk early breast cancer: Disease characteristics and endocrine therapy choice by menopausal status. Ann Oncol 2021; 32 (Suppl. 05) S407-S446
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 clinicaltrials.gov. NCT03701334. A Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Ribociclib With Endocrine Therapy as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With HR+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer (NATALEE). In: NIH US National Library of Medicine. 2018. Zugriff am 07. November 2020 unter: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03701334
    Google Scholar
  • 86 Slamon DJ, Fasching PA, Patel R. et al. NATALEE: Phase III study of ribociclib (RIBO) + endocrine therapy (ET) as adjuvant treatment in hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) early breast cancer (EBC). J Clin Oncol 2019; 37: TPS597 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.TPS597.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Maccio A, Madeddu C. Obesity, inflammation, and postmenopausal breast cancer: therapeutic implications. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11: 2020-2036 DOI: 10.1100/2011/806787. (PMID: 22125453)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Welslau M, Muller V, Luftner D. et al. Update Breast Cancer 2022 Part 1 – Early Stage Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82: 580-589 DOI: 10.1055/a-1811-6106. (PMID: 36110894)
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar