Rauchen in Netflix-Spielfilmen und Jugendschutz

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Mit dem Ziel des Jugendschutzes fordert die Weltgesundheitsorganisation, Filme mit Rauchszenen als ungeeignet für Jugendliche einzustufen. Der Konsum von Filmen erfolgt in den letzten Jahren – noch einmal verstärkt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie – zunehmend über Videostreamingdienste, was den Jugendschutz vor neue Herausforderungen stellt.

Fragestellung Die Häufigkeit des Rauchens in Netflix-Spielfilmen sollte erhoben und die Altersempfehlungen für Netflix-Produktionen mit Rauchszenen untersucht werden.

Methode Insgesamt 235 Filme, die in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 exklusiv zum Streaming von der Plattform Netflix bereitgestellt wurden, wurden inhaltsanalysiert. Es wurde betrachtet, (1) wie hoch der Anteil an rauchfreien Filmen in dieser Filmstichprobe war, (2) wie häufig Rauchszenen in diesen Filmen auftraten und (3) wie hoch der Anteil der Filme mit Rauchszenen war, die in Deutschland sowie den USA als für Jugendliche geeignet eingestuft wurden. Als für Kinder und Jugendliche geeignet wurden alle Filme angesehen, deren Altersfreigabe unter 16 Jahren lag.

Ergebnisse In 113 von 235 analysierten Filmen wurde geraucht (48,1%). Von den 113 Filmen mit Rauchszenen wurden in Deutschland 57 (50,4%) und in den USA 26 Filme (23,0%) als jugendfrei eingestuft (p<0,001). 3310 Rauchszenen wurden insgesamt registriert. Davon waren in Deutschland 39,4% (N=1303) in Filmen mit Jugendfreigabe zu sehen, bei Netflix-USA lag dieser Anteil bei 15,8% (N=524).

Diskussion Rauchen tritt in Netflix-Filmen häufig auf. Weder in den USA noch in Deutschland hält sich Netflix an die Empfehlungen des WHO-Rahmenübereinkommens zur Eindämmung des Tabakkonsums, den Zugang von Jugendlichen zu Filmen, in denen das Rauchen dargestellt wird, zuverlässig zu beschränken. Allerdings gelingt der Jugendschutz in den USA im Vergleich zu Deutschland besser, da die Hälfte der Netflix-Filme mit Rauchszenen in Deutschland als jugendgeeignet eingestuft wurden, in den USA weniger als ein Viertel.

Abstract

Background With the aim of protecting minors, the World Health Organization has recommended classifying films with smoking scenes as unsuitable for children and adolescents. In recent years, films have increasingly been viewed via video streaming services – a trend which has been intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic – which poses new challenges for the protection of minors.

Aim To examine the frequency of smoking scenes in Netflix feature films and the age recommendations for Netflix productions with smoking scenes.

Method A total of 235 films that were made available for streaming exclusively by the Netflix platform in 2021 and 2022 were content coded in order to find out (1) how high the proportion of smoke-free films was in this film sample, (2) how often smoking scenes occurred in these films and (3) the proportion of films with smoke scenes classified as appropriate for young people in Germany and the USA. All films with an age rating of under 16 were considered suitable for children and young people.

Results Smoking scenes occurred in 113 of 235 analyzed films (48.1%). Of the 113 films with smoking scenes, 57 (50.4%) in Germany and 26 films (23.0%) in the USA were classified as youth films (p<0.001). A total of 3,310 smoking scenes were registered. Of these, 39.4% (n=1,303) were in films with youth ratings in Germany, and in Netflix USA this proportion was 15.8% (n=524).

Discussion Smoking scenes are a common feature in Netflix movies. Neither in the US nor in Germany does Netflix adhere to the recommendations of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to restrict access by young people to films depicting smoking. However, the protection of minors in the US is better than in Germany, since half of the Netflix films with smoking scenes in Germany were rated as suitable for minors, in the USA less than a quarter.

Schlüsselwörter

Rauchen - Streaming - Jugendliche

Keywords

smoking - streaming - adolescents

Publication History

Received: 23 March 2023

Accepted after revision: 20 April 2023

Article published online:
09 June 2023

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