Borylative Difunctionalization of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Using Borylcopper Species

Abstract

This account summarizes the Cu-catalyzed borylative functionalizations of unsaturated hydrocarbons that we have developed over the past decade. First, we focus on the regioselective hydroboration of unsymmetrical internal alkynes and 1,2-dienes. Secondly, a borylative allyl–allyl coupling using 1,2-dienes, B₂pin₂, and an allyl phosphate is presented. Thirdly, we introduce the boroacylation and boroformylation of 1,2-dienes by using an acid anhydride or formate, respectively, as the electrophile. Lastly, we describe the synthesis of 2-boryl-1,3-butadienes and cyclic allylborates. These reactions offer a versatile method for synthesizing a broad range of useful compounds and also provide a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism, which could lead to the development of catalysts that are both more efficient and more selective.

1 Introduction

2 Hydroboration of Alkynes

3 Hydroboration of 1,2-Dienes and 1,3-Dienes

4 Synthesis of 2-Boryl-1,3-butadienes

5 Boroallylation of 1,2-Dienes

6 Boroacylation of 1,2-Dienes

7 Boroformylation of 1,2-Dienes and 1,3-Dienes

8 Synthesis of Cyclic Allylborates

9 Conclusion and Outlook

Key words

alkynes - boron - copper catalysis - dienes - ligands - hydroboration

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