Langkettige Omega-3-Fettsäuren EPA und DHA

Eine Supplementierung mit den langkettigen Omega-3-Fettsäuren Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) könnte sich bei vielen Erkrankungen positiv auswirken oder in der Primärprävention günstig sein. Zur Verordnung bzw. bei der Beratung der Patienten empfiehlt es sich, den Fettsäurestatus festzustellen und die Erfolge der Substitution zu kontrollieren.

• Literatur

• 1 Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health: An update for 2021. Nutrients 2021; 13: 2421
• 2 Elagizi A, Lavie CJ, O’Keefe E. et al. An update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular health. Nutrients 2021; 13: 204
• 3 Li J, Pora BLR, Dong K, Hasjim J. Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid and its bioavailability: a review. Food Sci. Nutr 2021; 9: 5229-5243
• 4 Troesch B, Eggersdorfer M, Laviano A. et al. Expert opinion on benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) in aging and clinical nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12: 2555
• 5 Abdelhamid AS, Brown TJ, Brainard JS. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 3: CD003177
• 6 Andersen G, Soyka K. Der kleine Souci, Fachmann, Kraut: Lebensmitteltabellen für die Praxis. 5. Aufl. Stuttgart: Wiss. Verlagsgesellschaft; 2011
• 7 Nguyen QV, Malau-Aduli BS, Cavalieri J. et al. Enhancing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content of dairy-derived foods for human consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11: 743
• 8 Augustine AH, Lowenstein LM, Harris WS. et al. Treatment with omega-3-fatty acid ethyl-esters alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90: 69-75
• 9 Minton ST, Almada AL, Evans JL. et al. Comparative membrane incorporation of omega-3- fish oil triglyceride preparations differing by degree of re-esterification: a sixteen week randomized intervention trial. Plos One 2023; 18: e0265462
• 10 Kwantes JM, Grundmann O. A brief review of krill oil history, research, and the commercial market. J Diet Suppl 2015; 1: 23-35
• 11 Doughman SD, Krupanidhi S, Sanjeevi CB. Omega-3-fatty acids for nutrition and medicine: considering microalgae oil as a vegetarian source of EPA and DHA. Curr Diabetes Rev 2007; 3: 198-203
• 12 Laidlaw M, Cockerline CA, Rowe WJ. A randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of manufacturer’s recommended doses of omega-3- fatty acids from different sources in facilitating cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13: 99
• 13 Neubronner J, Schuchardt JP, Kressel G. et al. Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in response to long-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation from triacylglycerides versus ethyl esters. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65: 247-254
• 14 Yurko-Mauro K, Kralovec J, Bailey-Hall E. et al. Similar eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14: 99
• 15 Sigaux J, Mathieu S, Nguyen Y. et al. Impact of type and dose of oral polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on disease activity in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a systemic literature review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24: 100
• 16 Sigaux J, Bellicha A, Buscail C. et al. Serum fatty acid profiles are associated with disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14: 2947
• 17 Liao Y, Xie B, Zhang H. et al. Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: a meta analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9: 190
• 18 Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for the management of hypertriglyceridemia: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 140: e673-e691
• 19 Mozaffarian D, Maki KC, Base HE. et al. Effectiveness of a novel ω-3 krill oil agent in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5: e2141898
• 20 Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M. et al Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 11-22
• 21 Zhang X, Ritonja JA, Zhou N. et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11: e0250071
• 22 Albert CM, Campos H, Stampfer MJ. et al. Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and risk of sudden death. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1113-1118
• 23 Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S. et al. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160: 398-406
• 24 Del Gobbo LC, Imamura F, Aslibekyan S. et al. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and coronary heart disease. Pooling project of 19 cohort studies. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176: 1155-1166
• 25 Harris WS, Luo J, Pottala JV. et al. Red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids and mortality in the Women’s Initiative Memory Study. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11: 250-259
• 26 Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Lorkowksi S. et al. Omega-3- fatty acids and mortality in patients referred for coronary angiography. The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 252: 175-181
• 27 Harris WS, Tintle NL, Etherton MR. et al. Erythrocyte long-chain omega-3 fatty acid levels are inversely associated with mortality and with incident cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12: 718-727
• 28 Siscovick DS, Barringer TA, Fretts AM. et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (fish oil) supplementation and the prevention of clinical cardiovascular disease: A science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135: e867-e884
• 29 Amiano P, Machòn M, Dorronsoro N. et al. Intake of total omega-3 fatty acids, eisosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24: 321-327
• 30 Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E. et al. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002; 105: 1897-1903
• 31 Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M. et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 1090-1098
• 32 Rauch B, Schiele R, Schneider S. et al. OMEGA, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effects of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2010; 122: 2152-2159
• 33 Bosch J, Gerstein HC, Dagenais GR. et al. (ORIGIN Trial Investigators): n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 309-318
• 34 Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K. et al. (ASCEND Study Collaborative Group): Effects of n-3- fatty acid supplements in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: 1540-1550
• 35 Boden WE, Bhatt DL, Toth PP. et al. Profound reductions in first and total cardiovascular events with icosapent ethyl in the REDUCE-IT trial: why these results usher in a new era in dyslipidaemia therapeutics. Eur Heart J 2020; 41: 2304-2312
• 36 Bernasconi AA, Wiest MM, Lavie CJ. et al. Effect of omega-3- dosage on cardiovascular outcomes: An updated meta-analysis and meta-regression of interventional trials. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96: 304-313
• 37 von Schacky C. Omega-3 index in 2018/19. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 11: 1-7
• 38 Lemaitre RN, King IB, Mozzafarian D. et al. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and nonfatal myocardial infarction in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 319-325
• 39 Harris WS, von Schacky C. The omega-3 index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?. Prev Med 2004; 39: 212-220
• 40 Stossier H, Bayer W. Studie zum Einfluss von Leinöl und Fischöl als Quellen für Omega-3-Fettsäuren auf den Fettsäurestatus. Zs f. Orthomol Med 2009; 7: 11-15
• 41 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung. D-A-CH Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. 7. Aufl. Bonn: DGE-Medienservice; 2021