Abstract
Introduction
For the first time since 1971, new regulations were introduced for cervical cancer
screening as an organized cancer screening guideline (oKFE-RL) starting 1 January
2020. From
the age of 20, a cytological smear test is performed annually, and from the age of
35,
so-called co-testing (cytology and test for high-risk HPVs) is performed every three
years.
In case of abnormalities, the algorithm is used as the basis for investigation. According
to
this diagnostic algorithm, even so-called low-risk groups receive early colposcopic
evaluation. This approach has been heavily debated and serves as the basis for this
registry
study.
Methods
All patients who presented to the centers for a colposcopy as part of the diagnostic
algorithm were included after signing an informed consent form. The following findings
were
obtained: Medical history, colposcopy, histology, and cytology findings, as well as
possible
therapies and their findings. The aim was to evaluate the frequency of the target
lesions
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+/CIN 3+ in the respective groups.
Result
A total of 4763 patients were enrolled in the study from July 2020 to October 2022.
As a
referral diagnosis, HPV persistence (HPV: human papillomavirus) with group I was determined
in 23.9% (1139), HPV persistence with group II-a in 2.1% (100), II-p (ASC-US) in 11.2%
(535), and II-g (AGC endocervical NOS) in 1.3% (64). III-p (ASC-H) and III-g (AGC
endocervical favor neoplastic) were found in 9.4% (447) and 2.2% (107), respectively,
IIID1
(LSIL) in 19% (906), IIID2 (HSIL, moderate dysplasia) in 18.9% (898), IVa-p (HSIL,
severe
dysplasia) in 10.7% (508), IVa-g (AIS) in 0.7% (31), IVb-p (HSIL with features suspicious
for invasion) and IVb-g (AIS with features suspicious for invasion) in 0.3% (15),
0.1% (6),
and 7 with suspected invasion V-p (squamous cell carcinoma)/V-g (endocervical
adenocarcinoma) (0.1%). In the IVa-p group (HSIL, severe dysplasia), 67.7% had CIN 2+
and
56.5% had CIN 3+, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and adenocarcinoma. If the histology
of the
excised tissue specifically based on the colposcope findings was also evaluated, CIN 2+
was
found in 79.7% of cases, and CIN 3+ in 67.3% of cases. In IIID2 (HSIL, moderate dysplasia),
CIN 2+ was detected in 50.9%, and CIN 3+/AIS in 28.3%. After evaluating patients who
underwent surgery immediately, this increased to 53.0% for CIN 2+ and 29.3% for CIN 3+/AIS.
In IIID1 (LSIL), CIN 2+ was detected in 27.4% and CIN 3+/AIS in 11.7%, and in II-p
(ASC-US),
CIN 2+ was detected in 23.4% and CIN 3+ and AIS in 10.8%, and in II-g (AGC endocervical
NOS), CIN 2+ was detected in 34.4% and CIN 3+ in 23.4%. In the HPV persistence/II-a
and I
group, 21% showed CIN 2+, and 12.1% showed CIN 3+ and AIS, and 13% showed CIN 2+ and
5.9%
showed CIN 3+ and AIS. In patients who were HPV-negative and had further diagnostics
performed on the basis of cytologic smear alone, 27.9% had CIN 2+, and 14.1% had CIN 3
and
AIS.
Discussion
In a synopsis of the present findings of our initial data of the registry study on
the
new cervical cancer screening, according to the organized early cancer screening guideline
(oKFE-RL), we could show that the target lesion CIN 3+ and AIS is detected unexpectedly
frequently in a not insignificant proportion, especially in the cytological low-risk
group.
Currently, we cannot answer whether this can reduce the incidence and mortality of
cervical
carcinoma, but this could be an initial indication of this and will be reviewed in
further
long-term evaluations.
Keywords cervical cancer screening - cancer screening guideline (oKFE-RL) - co-test - diagnostic
algorithm - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - human papillomavirus (HPV)
