Rauchfrei in der Psychiatrie – Eine qualitative Analyse der Ansichten von Mitarbeiter:innen

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung sind häufiger nikotinabhängig und haben eine durch das Rauchen bedingte geringere Lebenserwartung. Auch wenn Leitlinien eine Rauchentwöhnung empfehlen, machen die Mitarbeiter:innen psychiatrischer Kliniken nur selten entsprechende Angebote und sehen die Einführung einer rauchfreien Umgebung häufig kritisch.

Methode In dieser Studie wurden die Freitextfelder einer Befragung der Psychiatrie-Beschäftigten zum Thema Rauchen einer induktiven thematischen Analyse unterzogen.

Ergebnisse Die häufig emotional formulierten Rückmeldungen zum Thema bezogen sich auf die Bereiche Patient:innenversorgung, Personal und Nichtraucher:innenschutz. Häufig wurde angeführt, dass ein Rauchstopp die psychische Erkrankung der Patient:innen verschlechtern oder zu aggressivem Verhalten führen könnte.

Schlussfolgerungen Für die genannten Bedenken gibt es keine wissenschaftliche Evidenz. Es gilt, mit Schulungen des Personals den Fehlannahmen entgegenzuwirken.

Abstract

Background People with mental illness are more likely to be nicotine-dependent and they have a shorter life expectancy as a result of smoking. Although guidelines recommend smoking cessation support, this is rarely provided by psychiatric staff who often view the implementation of smoke-free policies critically.

Method We undertook inductive thematic analysis of the free-text fields of a staff survey on smoking.

Results Feedback on the topic was often emotional and related to the areas patient care, staff and the protection of non-smokers. Participants were often concerned that smoking cessation could worsen the patient's psychiatric condition or lead to aggressive behavior.

Conclusions There is no scientific evidence for these concerns. It is important to counteract false assumptions by providing the appropriate training on smoking cessation.

Schlüsselwörter

Rauchen - Tabak - Nikotin - Psychiatrie - Personal

Key words

Smoking - Tobacco - Nicotine - Psychiatry - Staff

Publication History

Received: 19 July 2023

Accepted: 29 September 2023

Article published online:
21 November 2023

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