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DOI: 10.1055/a-2192-0101
Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B (GPNMB): The Missing Link Between Lysosomes and Obesity
Funding This research was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (SFB F73, DK-MCD W1226), the Ph.D. program “Molecular Medicine” of the Medical University of Graz, the Province of Styria, and the City of Graz. Open Access Funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).

Abstract
As a result of an unhealthy diet and limited physical activity, obesity has become a widespread pandemic worldwide and is an important predictor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Obesity is often characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment in white adipose tissue (WAT), mainly due to increased macrophage infiltration. These immune cells boost their lipid concentrations by accumulating the content of dying adipocytes. As the lysosome is highly involved in lipid handling, the progressive lipid accumulation may result in lysosomal stress and a metabolic shift. Recent studies have identified glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as a novel marker of inflammatory diseases. GPNMB is a type I transmembrane protein on the cell surface of various cell types, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, osteoblasts, and microglia, from which it can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble molecule. It is induced by lysosomal stress via microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and thus has been found to be upregulated in many lysosomal storage disorders. In addition, a clear connection between GPNMB and obesity was recently established. GPNMB was shown to have protective and anti-inflammatory effects in most cases, preventing the progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders. In contrast, soluble GPNMB likely has the opposite effect and promotes lipogenesis in WAT. This review aims to summarize and clarify the role of GPNMB in the progression of obesity and to highlight its potential use as a biomarker for lipid-associated disorders.
Key words
adipose tissue macrophages - glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B - lipid-associated disorders - lysosomal storage disorders - osteoactivinPublikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 03. August 2023
Eingereicht: 25. September 2023
Angenommen: 06. Oktober 2023
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. November 2023
© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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