Abstract
Background Hyperandrogenism is among the most common endocrine disorders
in women. Clinically, it manifests as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. A healthy
lifestyle, including nutritious dietary patterns and physical activity, may
influence the clinical manifestation of the disease. This study determined the
effect of a low-glycemic index anti-inflammatory diet on testosterone levels and
sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and clinical symptoms in hyperandrogenic
women at their reproductive age.
Methods The study included 44 overweight and obese women diagnosed with
hyperandrogenism. The anthropometrics (weight, height, body mass index, waist
circumference, hip circumference), physical activity, and dietary habits were
assessed using valid questionnaires, scales, stadiometer, and tape meter. The
significant p-value was <0.001. Serum testosterone and SHBG levels were
measured using automated immunoassay instruments.
Results The intervention based on a low-glycemic index diet with
anti-inflammatory elements and slight energy deficit decreased total
testosterone levels (p<0.003), increased SHBG levels (p<0.001),
and decreased the free androgen index (FAI; p<0.001). Post-intervention,
overall well-being was much higher than in the pre-intervention period
(p<0.001), and stress was diminished (p<0.001). Western
nutritional patterns positively correlate with clinical hyperandrogenism
progression, whereas several factors of the low-glycemic index diet with
anti-inflammatory elements and slight energy deficit positively associate with
reduced clinical hyperandrogenism symptoms.
Conclusions In overweight and obese women, proper selection of diet,
introduction of moderate physical activity, and reduction in weight, stress
factors, and alcohol consumption translate into several positive effects,
including reduced FAI and symptoms such as acne, hirsutism, menstrual disorders,
and infertility.
Key words
hyperandrogenism - diet - anti-inflammatory - testosterone - sex hormone - binding
globulin - free androgen index
