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Nervenheilkunde 2024; 43(06): 340-349
DOI: 10.1055/a-2261-0745
Schwerpunkt

Neurobiologie und Wirkmodelle zu Psychedelika

Neurobiology and modes of action of psychedelics
Uwe Herwig
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie Reichenau, akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Universität Konstanz, Reichenau,
2   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universität Ulm
3   Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich
,
Mihai Avram
4   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität zu Lübeck
,
Stefan Borgwardt
4   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität zu Lübeck
,
Helena D. Aicher
3   Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Zur Beantwortung der Frage, ob Psychedelika eine therapeutische Wirkung bei psychischen Erkrankungen aufweisen, ist entscheidend, sich mit möglichen Wirkmechanismen auseinanderzusetzen. Solche können auf psychopharmakologischer, neurobiologischer, neurosystemischer und psychotherapeutischer Ebene beschrieben werden. Neben der klassischen Pharmakologie befasst sich der Artikel mit neurobiologischen Befunden zur Emotionsregulation, der Wahrnehmungsverarbeitung und dem Ruhemodus-Netzwerk unter dem Einfluss von Psychedelika. Hieraus können Hypothesen zur Wirkweise aus einer neurodynamischen Perspektive abgeleitet werden. Letztlich wird der Übergang zu psychotherapeutischen Wirkfaktoren beschrieben. Eine neurobiologisch und psychotherapeutisch integrative Betrachtung der Psychedelikawirkung kann helfen, gezielte psychotherapeutische Interventionen bzw. eine psychotherapeutische Basis für die Einbettung einer Psychedelikaanwendung zu gestalten.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in mental illness necessitates an exploration of their underlying mechanisms of action across various levels. This includes psychopharmacological, neurobiological, neurosystemic, and psychotherapeutic dimensions. In addition to traditional neurochemical and receptor physiology considerations, this article delves into neurobiological insights regarding emotion regulation, perceptual processing, and the default mode network modulation induced by psychedelics. These insights provide a foundation for formulating hypotheses on the neurodynamic information processings involved. Furthermore, the transition to psychotherapeutic effects is discussed, emphasizing the integration of neurobiological and psychotherapeutic perspectives. Adopting a comprehensive view of psychedelics’ effects can inform the development of targeted psychotherapeutic interventions or establish a psychotherapeutic framework for incorporating psychedelic use in therapeutic settings.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychedelika - Psychopharmakologie - Systemische Neurobiologie - Neurodynamik - Psychotherapie

Key words

Psychedelics - psychopharmacology - systemic neurobiology - neurodynamics - psychotherapy


Publication History

Article published online:
11 June 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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