Download PDF
Facial Plast Surg
DOI: 10.1055/a-2297-4494
Original Research

Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes (RHINO) Scale: Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation for Hebrew-Speaking Patients

Netanel Eisenbach 
1   The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, The Otolaryngology Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
,
Matti Mizrachi 
1   The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, The Otolaryngology Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
,
Amiel A. Dror
1   The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, The Otolaryngology Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
,
Rania Faris
3   Statistical Analysis Division, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
,
Tali Jane Ohayon
1   The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, The Otolaryngology Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
,
Ohad Ronen
1   The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, The Otolaryngology Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
,
Eyal Sela
1   The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, The Otolaryngology Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2   Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Patient-reported outcomes questionnaires are accepted measurement tools to evaluate procedures results. The Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes (RHINO) scale is an English-language validated and reliable quality-of-life instrument that evaluates both functional and aesthetic outcomes after rhinoplasty, and is not available in Hebrew. We followed the forward-and-back-translation method, defined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Translation of the RHINO scale and merging it into one version were performed, following back-translation and validation on native Hebrew-speaking patients who underwent rhinoplasty and control healthy group. Lastly, we review and analyzed the results. The translated questionnaire had high reliability measures, demonstrating homogeneity (α value 0.800 in the rhinoplasty group and 0.896 in the control group), test–retest reproducibility with no significant difference (p = 0.5), and high agreement scores represented by the Bland–Altman plot (95% limits of agreement ranged from 8.78 to 9.80). Validity demonstrated by significant differences between the two study groups' mean questionnaire scores (p < 0.001 for rhinoplasty vs. controls, p < 0.001 for preoperative vs. postoperative, and p = 0.002 for postoperative vs. control group) and also between the aesthetic scores and functional scores of the rhinoplasty group before and after the surgery (p < 0.001). There were no reported understanding problems. The Hebrew version of the RHINO scale is a reliable and valid tool for pre- and post-rhinoplasty surgery outcomes measuring among Hebrew-speaking patients, and can improve coordination of expectations, follow-up, and quantify subjective evaluation of the surgery. Level of evidence: IV.

Keywords

rhinoplasty - quality of life - patient satisfaction - patient-reported outcomes - validation - translation

Compliance with Ethical Standards

All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee (NHR 011619) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.


Medical and personal information was obtained from the questionnaire and from medical records, all of which remained anonymous. The questionnaire was used for the purpose of clinical evaluation of patients; therefore, responding to the questionnaire was considered as informed consent for participating in the research.


Approval was received from the original RHINO scale developer to translate and validate the questionnaire into Hebrew.




Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
01 April 2024

Article published online:
30 April 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Global Survey 2022: Full Report and Press Releases. In: International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Accessed November 19, 2023 at: https://www.isaps.org/discover/about-isaps/global-statistics/reports-and-press-releases/global-survey-2022-full-report-and-press-releases/
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Sharma GK, Asaria J. The impact of COVID-19 on patient interest in facial plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2021; 9 (10) e3890
    Google Scholar
  • 3 American Society of Plastic Surgeons unveils COVID-19's impact and pent-up patient demand fueling the industry's current post-pandemic boom | ASPS. Accessed November 19, 2023 at: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/american-society-of-plastic-surgeons-unveils-covid19s-impact-and-pent-up-patient-demand-fueling-the-industrys-current-post-pandemic-boom
    Google Scholar
  • 4 Shipchandler TZ, Sultan B, Ishii L. et al. Aesthetic analysis in rhinoplasty: surgeon vs. patient perspectives: a prospective, blinded study. Am J Otolaryngol 2013; 34 (02) 93-98
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Fuller JC, Levesque PA, Lindsay RW. Analysis of patient-perceived nasal appearance evaluations following functional septorhinoplasty with spreader graft placement. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2019; 21 (04) 305-311
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Lee MK, Most SP. A comprehensive quality-of-life instrument for aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty: the RHINO scale. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2016; 4 (02) e611
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Moubayed SP, Ioannidis JPA, Saltychev M, Most SP. The 10-Item Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) for functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (01) 37-42
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Koller M, Aaronson NK, Blazeby J. et al; EORTC Quality of Life Group. Translation procedures for standardised quality of life questionnaires: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) approach. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43 (12) 1810-1820
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Wild D, Grove A, Martin M. et al; ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health 2005; 8 (02) 94-104
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR. et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 60 (01) 34-42
    Google Scholar