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DOI: 10.1055/a-2316-8828
The Ongoing Debate: Longevity of Biological Valves in Pulmonary Position
Authors
Abstract
Background In patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) or ToF-like anatomy, factors possibly impacting the longevity of biological valves in the pulmonary position were investigated.
Method Between 1997 and 2017, 79 consecutive hospital survivors with a median age of 8.7 years (range: 0.2–56.1 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 14.8 years) with ToF or ToF-like anatomy underwent surgical implantation of Contegra (n = 34), Hancock (n = 23), Perimount (n = 9), pulmonary homograft (n = 9), and miscellaneous (n = 4) conduits. The median internal graft diameter was 19 mm (range: 11–29 mm; IQR: 8 mm) which refers to a median z-score of 0.6 standard deviation (SD) (range: −1.8 to 4.0 SD; IQR: 2.1 SD).
Results The median time of follow-up was 9.4 years (range: 1.1–18.8 years; IQR: 6.0 years). Thirty-nine patients (49%) underwent surgical (n = 32) or interventional (n = 7) pulmonary valve re-replacement. Univariate Cox regression revealed patient age (p = 0.018), body surface area (p = 0.004), internal valve diameter (p = 0.005), and prosthesis z-score (p = 0.018) to impact valve longevity. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, however, did not show any significant effect (likely related to multicollinearity). Subgroup analysis showed that valve-revised patients have a higher average z-score (p = 0.003) and younger average age (p = 0.007).
Conclusion A decreased longevity of biological valves in the pulmonary position is related to younger age, lower valve diameter, and higher z-score. Because valve size (diameter and z-score) can be predicted by age, patient age is the crucial parameter influencing graft longevity.
Publication History
Received: 28 December 2023
Accepted: 25 April 2024
Accepted Manuscript online:
30 April 2024
Article published online:
04 June 2024
© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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