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DOI: 10.1055/a-2344-6146
Mykotoxinvergiftung nach Walnussaufnahme bei 54 Hunden
Mycotoxin intoxication in 54 dogs after ingestion of walnuts
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie ist die Beschreibung der Intoxikation mit tremorgenen Mykotoxinen nach Walnussaufnahme bei einer großen Hundepopulation und die Evaluierung der Entwicklung der klinischen Symptomatik unter der initiierten Therapie.
Material und Methoden Vierundfünfzig Hunde wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen, die vornehmlich mit Tremor, Hyperästhesie, Hyperthermie und Ataxie innerhalb weniger Stunden nach beobachteter oraler Aufnahme von Walnüssen oder begründetem Verdacht vorstellig wurden.
Ergebnisse Vornehmlich wurden die Patienten im Winter und Frühling vorstellig. Dreiundfünfzig der 54 Hunde wurden zur symptomatischen sowie dekontaminierenden und eliminierenden Therapie stationär aufgenommen (98%). Zur symptomatischen Therapie kamen bei 14 Hunden eine antikonvulsive Therapie (26%) sowie bei der Hälfte der Patienten eine antiemetische Therapie (n=27; 50%) zum Einsatz. Eine forcierte Emesis zur Dekontamination wurde aufgrund des Schweregrads der neurologischen Symptome lediglich bei 6 Patienten eingeleitet (11%). Als weitere dekontaminierende Maßnahme erfolgte eine orale Gabe von Aktivkohle nach Besserung der klinischen Symptome (n=39; 72%). Die Mehrzahl der Hunde (n=45; 83%) erhielt eine intravenöse Lipidtherapie zur Elimination sowie isotone kristalloide Infusionslösung zum Ausgleich von Flüssigkeitsverlusten. Nebenwirkungen nach intravenöser Lipidtherapie wurden nicht beobachtet. Der Großteil der Patienten verblieb 2 Tage stationär (n=44; 81%). Bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten war die klinische Untersuchung am Tag der Entlassung unauffällig (n=39; 72%). Potenzielle Folgeschäden nach Mykotoxinvergiftung wurden bei keinem der Patienten im weiteren Verlauf dokumentiert.
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der Lipophilie von Mykotoxinen kann der Einsatz einer intravenösen Lipidtherapie zur Toxinelimination in Erwägung gezogen werden. Die Prognose bei Mykotoxinvergiftung nach Walnussaufnahme nach dekontaminierenden und eliminierenden Maßnahmen ist gut.
Klinische Relevanz Bei unspezifischen neurologischen Symptomen wie Tremor, Ataxie und Hyperästhesie sowie entsprechendem Vorbericht sollte eine Intoxikation mit Mykotoxin behafteten Walnüssen in Betracht gezogen werden.
Abstract
Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to decribe the intoxication with tremorgenic mycotoxins subsequent to the ingestion of walnuts in a large population of dogs and the evaluation of the development of the clinical signs under the initiated treatment.
Material and methods The study included 54 dogs exhibiting signs of tremor, hyperesthesia, hyperthermia and ataxia, in particular a few hours following observed ingestion of walnuts or its justified suspicion.
Results The patients were presented to the clinic mostly during winter and spring. Fifty-three of 54 dogs were hospitalized for symptomatic, decontaminating and eliminating therapy (98%). Symptomatic treatment comprised of anticonvulsant therapy in 14 dogs (26%) and an antiemetic therapy in for half of the patients (n=27; 50%). A forced emesis for decontamination was undertaken in only 6 patients due to the severity of their neurological symptoms (11%). For further decontamination, an oral administration of activated charcoal after improvement of clinical signs (n=39; 72%). The majority of dogs (n=45; 83%) additionally received an intravenous lipid therapy for toxin elimination and isotonic crystalloid solution to compensate fluid losses. There were no side effects observed following the administration of intravenous lipid therapy. The majority of dogs were hospitalized for a duration of 2 days (n=44; 81%). In most dogs, examination was unremarkable on the day of their release (n=39; 72%). Potential long-term sequelae of the intoxication were not recorded in any patient.
Conclusion Due to the lipophilic nature of mycotoxins, the use of intravenous lipid therapy may considered for toxin elimination purposes. The prognosis of mycotoxin intoxication following walnut ingestion is good with decontamination and elimination measures.
Clinical relevance In the case of unspecific neurological signs such as tremor, ataxia and hyperesthesia as well as a corresponding preliminary report, an intoxication with mycotoxin-containing walnuts should be considered.
Publication History
Received: 12 October 2023
Accepted: 17 April 2024
Article published online:
22 August 2024
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