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Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2024; 52(06): 375-383
DOI: 10.1055/a-2457-3630
Kasuistik

Pulmonale Mycobacterium avium-Infektion bei 2 Hauskatzen

Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium infection in 2 domestic cats
Hannah Gareis
1   Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Andreas Brühschwein
1   Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Bianka Schulz
1   Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Zusammenfassung

Zwei Hauskatzen (Abessinier und Karthäuser) wurden mit chronischen respiratorischen Symptomen in Form von Husten, Atemgeräuschen und Polypnoe vorgestellt. Eine der Katzen zeigte zudem intermittierend Fieber. Die röntgenologischen Untersuchungen des Brustraums zeigten hochgradige Veränderungen mit überwiegend mikronodulären interstitiellen Lungenmustern, teils mit Mineralisationen. Die Zytologie der Bronchoalveolarlavageflüssigkeit (BALF) detektierte eine pyogranulomatöse Entzündung. Eine zytologische Untersuchung auf säurefeste Bakterien sowie eine PCR auf Mykobakterien Spezies aus der BALF waren bei beiden Katzen negativ. Eine Mykobakterien-Kultur der BALF konnte jeweils eine Subspezies von Mycobacterium avium bei beiden Katzen nachweisen. Während die klinischen Symptome, nicht aber die röntgenologischen Befunde, bei einer Katze mit langanhaltender doppelantibiotischer Therapie kontrolliert werden konnten, entwickelte die andere Katze kurz nach Diagnosestellung eine septische Peritonitis und wurde euthanasiert. Bei ungeklärten chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen bei Katzen sollte eine Mykobakterieninfektion differentialdiagnostisch in Betracht gezogen werden. Die Rasse des ersten Patienten geht mit der bekannten Prädisposition für Abessinier konform.

Abstract

Two domestic cats (Abyssinian and Carthusian) presented with chronic respiratory signs including cough, respiratory sounds, and polypnea. One of the cats also showed intermittent fever. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated severe changes with predominantly micronodular interstitial lung patterns, some with mineralized areas. Bronchoalveolar lavage detected high-grade pyogranulomatous airway inflammation. A cytological examination for acid-fast bacteria and a PCR for Mycobacteria species of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were negative in both cats. A culture for Mycobacteria of the BALF detected Mycobacterium avium subspecies in both cats. While the clinical signs, but not the radiographic findings, could be controlled in one cat with prolonged double antibiotic therapy, the other cat developed septic peritonitis shortly after diagnosis and was euthanized. In unexplained chronic respiratory disease in cats, mycobacterial infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis. The breed of the first patient is consistent with the known predisposition for Abyssinians.

Schlüsselwörter

Abessinierkatze - säurefeste Bakterien - Respirationstrakt - chronischer Husten

Keywords

Abyssinian cat - acid-fast bacteria - respiratory tract - chronic cough


Publication History

Received: 13 December 2023

Accepted: 28 July 2024

Article published online:
05 December 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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