Risk Assessment of FMS and YBT on Sports Injuries in Collegiate Athletes

Abstract

This prospective cohort study investigated the predictive validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT) for sports injuries in 458 collegiate athletes across various sports. Preseason screening using FMS and YBT was conducted, followed by injury data collection over the competitive season. Logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between screening scores and subsequent injury risk. Results indicated that lower composite FMS scores (≤14) were associated with increased injury risk (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.54–3.48; p<0.001), as were YBT anterior reach asymmetries > 4 cm (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.43–3.26; p<0.001). The combination of both risk factors demonstrated the strongest association (OR=3.57; 95% CI: 2.18–5.83; p<0.001) when compared to individuals with FMS scores >14 and YBT asymmetry < 4 cm.The combination of low FMS scores and YBT asymmetries demonstrated the strongest predictive value. These findings underscore the value of the FMS and YBT as screening tools to identify collegiate athletes who may be at elevated risk for sports injuries, potentially guiding the implementation of targeted injury prevention strategies.

Keywords

functional movement screen - Y Balance Test - injury prediction

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 12. Juni 2024

Angenommen nach Revision: 05. November 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. Dezember 2024

• References

• 1 Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: Summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train 2007; 42: 311-319
• 2 Kerr ZY, Marshall SW, Dompier TP. et al. College sports-related injuries – United States, 2009-10 through 2013-14 academic years. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64: 1330-1336
• 3 Chorba RS, Chorba DJ, Bouillon LE. et al. Use of a functional movement screening tool to determine injury risk in female collegiate athletes. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2010; 5: 47-54
• 4 Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW. et al. Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36: 911-919
• 5 Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom B. Pre-participation screening: The use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function – part 1. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2006; 1: 62-72
• 6 Kiesel K, Plisky PJ, Voight ML. Can serious injury in professional football be predicted by a preseason functional movement screen?. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2007; 2: 147-158
• 7 Shojaedin SS, Letafatkar A, Hadadnezhad M. et al. Relationship between functional movement screening score and history of injury and identifying the predictive value of the FMS for injury. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2014; 21: 355-360
• 8 Kiesel KB, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ. Prediction of injury by limited and asymmetrical fundamental movement patterns in American football players. J Sport Rehabil 2014; 23: 88-94
• 9 Garrison M, Westrick R, Johnson MR. et al. Association between the functional movement screen and injury development in college athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2015; 10: 21-28
• 10 Bushman TT, Grier TL, Canham-Chervak M. et al. The functional movement screen and injury risk: Association and predictive value in active men. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44: 297-304
• 11 Dorrel BS, Long T, Shaffer S. et al. Evaluation of the functional movement screen as an injury prediction tool among active adult populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Health 2015; 7: 532-537
• 12 Moran RW, Schneiders AG, Mason J. et al. Do Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite scores predict subsequent injury? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51: 1661-1669
• 13 Plisky PJ, Gorman PP, Butler RJ. et al. The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2009; 4: 92-99
• 14 Smith CA, Chimera NJ, Warren M. Association of y balance test reach asymmetry and injury in Division I athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47: 136-141
• 15 Stiffler MR, Bell DR, Sanfilippo JL. et al. Star Excursion Balance Test anterior asymmetry is associated with injury status in Division I collegiate athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47: 339-346
• 16 Smith CA, Chimera NJ, Warren M. Association of Y balance test reach asymmetry and injury in Division I athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47: 136-141
• 17 Jones BH, Cowan DN, Knapik JJ. Exercise, training and injuries. Sports Med 1994; 18: 202-214
• 18 Hartley EM, Hoch MC, Boling MC. Y-balance test performance and BMI are associated with ankle sprain injury in collegiate male athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 676-680
• 19 Teyhen DS, Shaffer SW, Lorenson CL. et al. The functional movement screen: A reliability study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42: 530-540
• 20 Chimera NJ, Smith CA, Warren M. Injury history, sex, and performance on the functional movement screen and Y balance test. J Athl Train 2015; 50: 475-485
• 21 Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom B. Pre-participation screening: The use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function – part 2. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2006; 1: 132-139
• 22 Sipe CL, Ramey KD, Plisky PP. et al. Y-Balance Test: A Valid and Reliable Assessment in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27: 663-669
• 23 Bonazza NA, Smuin D, Onks CA. et al Reliability, validity, and injury predictive value of the functional movement screen: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45: 725-732
• 24 Olmsted LC, Carcia CR, Hertel J. et al. Efficacy of the Star Excursion Balance Tests in detecting reach deficits in subjects with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 2002; 37: 501-506
• 25 Lehr ME, Plisky PJ, Butler RJ. et al. Field-expedient screening and injury risk algorithm categories as predictors of noncontact lower extremity injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 23: e225-e232
• 26 Warren M, Smith CA, Chimera NJ. Association of the functional movement screen with injuries in division I athletes. J Sport Rehabil 2015; 24: 163-170
• 27 Mokha M, Sprague PA, Gatens DR. Predicting musculoskeletal injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II athletes from asymmetries and individual-test versus composite functional movement screen scores. J Athl Train 2016; 51: 276-282
• 28 Bodden JG, Needham RA, Chockalingam N. The effect of an intervention program on functional movement screen test scores in mixed martial arts athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29: 219-225
• 29 Kiesel K, Plisky P, Butler R. Functional movement test scores improve following a standardized off-season intervention program in professional football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21: 287-292
• 30 Tabor MA, Davies GJ, Kernozek TW. et al. A multicenter study of the test-retest reliability of the lower extremity functional test. J Sport Rehabil 2002; 11: 190-201