Sonografie von Speicheldrüsentumoren und Speicheldrüsen-Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen sind ebenso häufig wie vielfältig und können unterschiedliche Ursachen haben. Kliniker können Speicheldrüsen-Veränderungen in chronische systemische Krankheiten, angeborene und vaskuläre Fehlbildungen sowie gutartige und bösartige Tumoren differenzieren. Akute infektiöse Pathologien können auch als Folge obstruktiver Pathologien entstehen. Eine Vielzahl von Erkrankungen mit ähnlichem klinischem Erscheinungsbild müssen voneinander abgegrenzt werden. Aufgrund des verbesserten Auflösungsvermögens der Ultraschall-Technik in den letzten 20 Jahren wird diese nun als erste Bildmodalität zur Untersuchung von Speicheldrüsen-Pathologien verwendet. Sie erlaubt eine schnelle, dynamische, und nicht invasive Untersuchung der Speicheldrüsen sowie des Halsweichteils. Um Patienten genau diagnostizieren und behandeln zu können, ist eine sehr gute Kenntnis dieser Krankheiten sowie deren Erscheinungsbilder in der Sonografie erforderlich.

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 27. Februar 2024

Angenommen nach Revision: 14. November 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
17. Januar 2025

• References

• 1 Iro H, Zenk J. Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen im Kindesalter. Laryngorhinootologie 2014; 93: 103-125
• 2 Waldhausen JHT. Branchial cleft and arch anomalies in children. Semin Pediatr Surg 2006; 15: 64-69
• 3 Whitley MK, Zur KB. Salivary gland diseases in children. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 13: 1467-1478
• 4 Friedman E, Patiño MO, Udayasankar UK. Imaging of Pediatric Salivary Glands. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018; 28: 209-226
• 5 Zhou Q, Zheng JW, Mai HM. et al. Treatment guidelines of lymphatic malformations of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2011; 47: 1105-1109
• 6 Bradley P, McClelland L, Mehta D. Paediatric salivary gland epithelial neoplasms. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2007; 69: 137-145
• 7 Sultan I, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Al-Sharabati S. et al. Salivary gland carcinomas in children and adolescents: A population-based study, with comparison to adult cases. Head Neck 2011; 33: 1476-1481
• 8 Shapiro NL, Bhattacharyya N. Clinical characteristics and survival for major salivary gland malignancies in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 134: 631-634
• 9 Surun A, Schneider DT, Ferrari A. et al. Salivary gland carcinoma in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68: e29058
• 10 Yoshida EJ, García J, Eisele DW. et al. Salivary gland malignancies in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78: 174-178
• 11 McQuone SJ. Acute viral and bacterial infections of the salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1999; 32: 793-811
• 12 Hidalgo-Santos AD, Gastón-Téllez R, Ferrer-Lorente B. et al. Immune disorders associated with juvenile recurrent chronic parotitis. An Pediatr 2021; 95: 260-266
• 13 Francis CL, Larsen CG. Pediatric sialadenitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2014; 47: 763-778
• 14 Ramakrishna J, Strychowsky J, Gupta M. et al. Sialendoscopy for the management of juvenile recurrent parotitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 2015; 125: 1472-1479
• 15 Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C. et al. Actinomycosis: Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist 2014; 7: 183-197
• 16 Kenechi NwawkaO, Nadgir R, Fujita A. et al. Granulomatous Disease in the Head and Neck: Developing a Differential Diagnosis. Radiographics 2014; 34: 1240-1257
• 17 Koch M, Sievert M, Iro H. et al. Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10
• 18 Mansour N, Bobenstetter L, Mansour S. et al. [Differentiation of ultrasonographic hypoechoic head and neck lesions]. Laryngorhinootologie 2019; 98: 701-707
• 19 Mantsopoulos K, Psychogios G, Agaimy A. et al. Inflamed benign tumors of the parotid gland: Diagnostic pitfalls from a potentially misleading entity. Head Neck 2015; 37: 23-29
• 20 Iro H, Zenk J, Koch M. [Modern concepts for the diagnosis and therapy of sialolithiasis]. HNO 2010; 58: 211-217
• 21 Zengel P, Schrötzlmair F, Schwarz F. et al. Elastography: A new diagnostic tool for evaluation of obstructive diseases of the salivary glands; primary results. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2012; 50: 91-99
• 22 Marchal F, Dulguerov P. Sialolithiasis management: The state of the art. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 129: 951-956
• 23 Escudier MP, McGurk M. Symptomatic sialoadenitis and sialolithiasis in the English population, an estimate of the cost of hospital treatment. Br Dent J 1999; 186: 463-466
• 24 Williams MF. Sialolithiasis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1999; 32: 819-834
• 25 Kajander EO, Çiftçioglu N. Nanobacteria: An alternative mechanism for pathogenic intra- and extracellular calcification and stone formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 8274-8279
• 26 Lustmann J, Regev E, Melamed Y. Sialolithiasis. A survey on 245 patients and a review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 19: 135-138
• 27 Zengel P, Schrötzlmair F, Reichel C. et al. Sonography: The leading diagnostic tool for diseases of the salivary glands. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2013; 34: 196-203
• 28 Mehanna H, McQueen A, Robinson M. et al. Salivary gland swellings. BMJ 2012; 345
• 29 Koch M, Iro H, Zenk J. [Stenosis and other non-sialolithiasis-related obstructions of the major salivary gland ducts. Modern treatment concepts]. HNO 2010; 58: 218-224
• 30 Kopeć T, Szyfter W, Wierzbicka M. et al. Stenoses of the salivary ducts-sialendoscopy based diagnosis and treatment. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51
• 31 Koch M, Iro H, Zenk J. Role of sialoscopy in the treatment of Stensen’s duct strictures. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008; 117: 271-278
• 32 Qi S, Liu X, Wang S. Sialoendoscopic and irrigation findings in chronic obstructive parotitis. Laryngoscope 2005; 115: 541-545
• 33 Rose SS. A Clinical and Radiological Survey of 192 Cases of Recurrent Swellings of the Salivary Glands: Hunterian Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 26th March 1953. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1954; 15: 374
• 34 Zengel P, Berghaus A, Weiler C. et al. Intraductally applied contrast-enhanced ultrasound (IA-CEUS) for evaluating obstructive disease and secretory dysfunction of the salivary glands. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 1339-1348
• 35 Vogl TJ, Al-Nawas B, Beutner D. et al. Updated S2K AWMF guideline for the diagnosis and follow-up of obstructive sialadenitis – Relevance for radiologic imaging. Rofo 2014; 186: 843-846
• 36 Witt RL, Iro H, Koch M. et al. Minimally invasive options for salivary calculi. Laryngoscope 2012; 122: 1306-1311
• 37 Harbison JM, Liess BD, Templer JW. et al. Chronic parotitis: A challenging disease entity. Ear Nose Throat J 2011; 90
• 38 Baurmash HD. Chronic recurrent parotitis: A closer look at its origin, diagnosis, and management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62: 1010-1018
• 39 Epivatianos A, Harrison JD. The presence of microcalculi in normal human submandibular and parotid salivary glands. Arch Oral Biol 1989; 34: 261-265
• 40 Brito-Zerón P, Theander E, Baldini C. et al. Early diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: EULAR-SS task force clinical recommendations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12: 137-156
• 41 Psianou K, Panagoulias I, Papanastasiou AD. et al. Clinical and immunological parameters of Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17: 1053-1064
• 42 Milic VD, Petrovic RR, Boricic IV. et al. Diagnostic value of salivary gland ultrasonographic scoring system in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: A comparison with scintigraphy and biopsy. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1495-1500
• 43 Mossel E, Delli K, Van Nimwegen JF. et al. Ultrasonography of major salivary glands compared with parotid and labial gland biopsy and classification criteria in patients with clinically suspected primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76: 1883-1889
• 44 Hočevar A, Ambrožič A, Rozman B. et al. Ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Diagnostic value of a novel scoring system. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 768-772
• 45 Lin D, Yang W, Guo X. et al. Cross-sectional comparison of ultrasonography scoring systems for primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 19065
• 46 Mossel E, Arends S, Van Nimwegen JF. et al. Scoring hypoechogenic areas in one parotid and one submandibular gland increases feasibility of ultrasound in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77: 556-562
• 47 Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S, Marhadour T. et al. Salivary gland ultrasonography improves the diagnostic performance of the 2012 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53: 1604-1607
• 48 Le GoffM, Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S. et al. Comparison of 2002 AECG and 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria and added value of salivary gland ultrasonography in a patient cohort with suspected primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19
• 49 Hofauer BG. Etablierung sonographischer Marker zur Diagnose und Verlaufskontrolle des primären Sjögren-Syndroms.
• 50 Knopf A, Hofauer B, Thürmel K. et al. Diagnostic utility of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging in primary Sjoegren’s syndrome. Eur Radiol 2015; 25: 3027-3034
• 51 Nikolopoulos D, Kitsos D, Papathanasiou M. et al. POS0123 Major salivary gland ultrasonography and MRI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) as complementary tools to identify features of malt in primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (PSS): A single center cross sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81: 287-287
• 52 Ko KWS, Bhatia KS, Ai QYH. et al. Imaging of head and neck mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma). Cancer Imaging 2021; 21: 1-8
• 53 Knopf A, Lahmer T, Chaker A. et al. Head and neck sarcoidosis, from wait and see to tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: A pilot study. Head Neck 2013; 35: 715-719
• 54 Hofauer B, Wiesner M, Stock K. et al. Multimodal Evaluation of Long-Term Salivary Gland Alterations in Sarcoidosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11: 2292
• 55 Puxeddu I, Capecchi R, Carta F. et al. Salivary Gland Pathology in IgG4-Related Disease: A Comprehensive Review. J Immunol Res 2018;
• 56 Narayan AK, Baer A, Fradin J. Sonographic findings of IgG4-related disease of the salivary glands: Case report and review of the literature. J Clin Ultrasound 2018; 46: 73-77
• 57 Moore AE, Marcus KS, Rajan KD A. et al. Ultrasound and Sialogram Correlates to Parotid Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease. Ear Nose Throat J 2021; 103: 247-251
• 58 Davis AB, Hoffman HT. Management Options for Sialadenosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021; 54: 605-611
• 59 Scully C, Bagán JV, Eveson JW. et al. Sialosis: 35 cases of persistent parotid swelling from two countries. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 46: 468-472
• 60 Skálová A, Hyrcza MD, Leivo I. Update from the 5^th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Salivary Glands. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16: 40-53
• 61 Psychogios G, Vlastos I, Thölken R. et al. Warthin’s tumour seems to be the most common benign neoplasm of the parotid gland in Germany. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2020; 277: 2081-2084
• 62 Piwowarczyk K, Bartkowiak E, Klimza H. et al. Review and characteristics of 585 salivary gland neoplasms from a tertiary hospital registered in the Polish National Major Salivary Gland Benign Tumors Registry over a period of 5 years: A prospective study. Otolaryngol Pol = Polish Otolaryngol 2020; 74: 1-6
• 63 Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T. et al. Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features. Jpn J Radiol 2018; 36: 463-471
• 64 Mantsopoulos K, Iro H. Pleomorphic adenoma compared with cystadenolymphoma of the parotid gland: Which is more common?. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58: 361-363
• 65 Franzen AM, Kaup FranzenC, Guenzel T. et al. Increased incidence of Warthin tumours of the parotid gland: A 42-year evaluation. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2018; 275: 2593-2598
• 66 Patel DK, Morton RP. Demographics of benign parotid tumours: Warthin’s tumour versus other benign salivary tumours. Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136: 83-86
• 67 Gritzmann Radiologie Und Nuklearmedizin N, Der Barmherzigen Brüder K, Schlüsselwörter S, et al. Ultraschall der Speicheldrüsen Ultrasound of the Salivary Glands. Otol 2009; 88: 48-59
• 68 Rong X, Zhu Q, Ji H. et al. Differentiation of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin’s tumor of the parotid gland: Ultrasonographic features. Acta Radiol 2014; 55: 1203-1209
• 69 Matsuda E, Fukuhara T, Donishi R. et al. Usefulness of a Novel Ultrasonographic Classification Based on Anechoic Area Patterns for Differentiating Warthin Tumors from Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid Gland. Yonago Acta Med 2017; 60: 220
• 70 Mansour N, Stock KF, Chaker A. et al. Evaluation of parotid gland lesions with standard ultrasound, color duplex sonography, sonoelastography, and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging – a pilot study. Ultraschall in Med 2012; 33: 283-288
• 71 Mansour N, Bas M, Stock KF. et al. Multimodal Ultrasonographic Pathway of Parotid Gland Lesions. Ultraschall in Med 2017; 38: 166-173
• 72 Yan M, Xu D, Chen L. et al. Comparative Study of Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and the Diagnostic Value of B-Mode and Color Doppler for Common Benign Tumors in the Parotid Gland. Front Oncol 2021; 11
• 73 Matsuda E, Fukuhara T, Donishi R. et al. Clinical Utility of Qualitative Elastography Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47: 279-287
• 74 Guiban O, Rubini A, Fresilli D. et al. Preoperative Multiparametric Ultrasound and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology evaluation of parotid gland tumors: Which is the best technique?. Med Ultrason 2021; 23: 402-409
• 75 Olgun DC, Kantarci F, Taskin U. et al. Relative proportions of stromal to cellular components of pleomorphic adenomas: Determination with shear wave elastography. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33: 503-508
• 76 Mansour N, Bas M, Stock KF. et al. Multimodal Ultrasonographic Pathway of Parotid Gland Lesions. Ultraschall in Medizin 2017; 38: 166-173
• 77 Mantsopoulos K, Mueller S, Goncalves M. et al. Completion surgery after extracapsular dissection of low-grade parotid gland malignant tumors. Head Neck 2019; 41: 3383-3388
• 78 Martino M, Fodor D, Fresilli D. et al. Narrative review of multiparametric ultrasound in parotid gland evaluation. Gland Surg 2020; 9: 2295-2311
• 79 Bozzato A, Zenk J, Greess H. et al. Potential of ultrasound diagnosis for parotid tumors: Analysis of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 137: 642-646
• 80 Berner F, Koch M, Müller SK. et al. Investigation of Sonographic Criteria for Reliable Identification of T1-T2 Low-Grade Malignant Tumors of the Parotid Gland. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47: 471-477
• 81 Knopf A, Mansour N, Chaker A. et al. Multimodal ultrasonographic characterisation of parotid gland lesions – a pilot study. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81: 3300-3305
• 82 El-Khateeb SM, Abou-Khalaf AE, Farid MM. et al. A prospective study of three diagnostic sonographic methods in differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 2011; 40: 476
• 83 Heřman J, Sedláčková Z, Vachutka J. et al. Differential Diagnosis of Parotid Gland Tumors: Role of Shear Wave Elastography. Biomed Res Int 2017;
• 84 Thimsen V, Goncalves M, Koch M. et al. The current value of quantitative shear wave sonoelastography in parotid gland tumors. Gland Surg 2021; 10: 1374-1374
• 85 Jering M, Zenk J, Thölken R. et al. Can Ultrasound in Combination with Virtual Touch Imaging Quantification Predict the Dignity of a Parotid Tumor?. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47: 1192-1203
• 86 Zhang YF, Li H, Wang XM. et al. Sonoelastography for differential diagnosis between malignant and benign parotid lesions: A meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2019; 29: 725-735
• 87 Mantsopoulos K, Koch M, Fauck V. et al. Primary parotid gland lymphoma: Pitfalls in the use of ultrasound imaging by a great pretender. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 50: 573-578