Steroidal Adducts and Andrastin-Type Meroterpenoids from the Co-culture of Two Isodon Species-Associated Endophytic Fungi

Abstract

Ergopolyketides A–D, presumably biosynthesized through Diels–Alder additions between ergosterol and polyketides, along with two new andrastin-type meroterpenoids, isopenicins D and E, were isolated from the co-culture of endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. sh18 and Pestalotiopsis sp. HS30, both, inhabiting Isodon species. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations. Isopenicin D and a known compound, peniandrastin D, exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines HL-60, A549, and SMMC-7721, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.37 to 29.17 μM.

Key words

Isodon - endophytic fungi - steroidal adducts - andrastin-type meroterpenoids - cytotoxic activity - quantum chemical calculations - configuration determination

• References and Notes

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