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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2025; 46(02): 189-201
DOI: 10.1055/a-2531-1059
Review Article

Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Lung Cancer

Daniel H. Cooper
1   The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
2   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
,
Isaac Almendros
3   Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
4   CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
5   Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
,
Tetyana Kendzerska
1   The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
2   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
› Author Affiliations
Funding None.
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Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with the prevalence of the disease continually rising. Therefore, identifying disease-modifying risk factors is critical, with increasing recognition of the impact of sleep quality/sleep disorders. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on the role of five domains of sleep on lung cancer incidence and progression: (i) sleep quality/duration, (ii) sleep disordered breathing, (iii) circadian rhythm disturbances, (iv) sleep-related movement disorders, and (v) personal, environmental, and social factors that modulate each of these associations. Epidemiological evidence supports reduced sleep duration, increased sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, evening chronotype, peripheral limb movements in sleep, and less robustly for night shift work and restless leg syndrome to be associated with increased risk of lung cancer development, with potential impacts on cancer survival outcomes. Proposed mechanisms underlying the biological plausibility of these epidemiological associations are also explored, with common theories relating to immune dysregulation, metabolic alterations, reductions in melatonin, sympathetic overactivation, increased reactive oxygen species, production of protumorigenic exosomes, and inflammation. We also summarized potential treatments addressing impaired sleep quality/sleep disorders and their ability to attenuate the risk of lung cancer and improve cancer survival. Although evidence on reversibility is inconsistent, there are trends toward positive outcomes. Future research should focus on clinical trials to confirm cause and effect relationships, large epidemiologic studies for incidence/prognosis, clarification on the relative efficacy of treatment modalities, and more in vivo animal models to establish the molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships.

Keywords

sleep quality - sleep disorders - lung cancer - cancer survival


Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
03 February 2025

Article published online:
17 April 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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