Immersive Neurosurgical Anatomy Using Photogrammetry: Technical Note and Scoping Review

Jhon E. Bocanegra-Becerra; Daniel Ballesteros-Herrera; Khaled Alhwaishel; Marcio Yuri Ferreira; Vanessa Emanuelle Cunha Santos; Cristian D. Mendieta; Gabriel Semione; Kim Wouters; Sávio Batista; José E. Chang; Raphael Bertani; Miguel Angel Lopez-Gonzalez

doi:10.1055/a-2538-3745

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, Table of Contents

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base
DOI: 10.1055/a-2538-3745

Original Article

Immersive Neurosurgical Anatomy Using Photogrammetry: Technical Note and Scoping Review

Authors

Jhon E. Bocanegra-Becerra

¹Academic Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Daniel Ballesteros-Herrera

²Department of Neurosurgery, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugia, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
Khaled Alhwaishel

³Mansoura Manchester Program, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Marcio Yuri Ferreira

⁴Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, New York, New York, United States
Vanessa Emanuelle Cunha Santos

⁵Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Cristian D. Mendieta

⁶Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Bolivia
Gabriel Semione

⁷University of West of Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
Kim Wouters

⁸Open Universiteit Heerle Nederland, LI, The Netherlands
Sávio Batista

⁹Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
José E. Chang

¹⁰Neurosurgery Service, Hospital General-Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, San Salvador, El Salvador
Raphael Bertani

¹¹Department of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Miguel Angel Lopez-Gonzalez

¹²Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States

Abstract

Introduction Photogrammetry holds promise for expanding the domains of microsurgical education. The authors present a technical note and scoping review that explore the use of photogrammetry in neurosurgical anatomy, existing technical guidelines, and areas of implementation.

Methods Photogrammetry was employed to build three-dimensional models of the anatomy of the white matter tracts, brainstem, cranial nerves, and the retrosigmoid approach using human brain and skull specimens. In addition, a scoping review was performed on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase). Information was collected regarding human models, software, hardware, assessment of high-fidelity reconstruction, and anatomic depth estimation.

Results The illustrative models achieved a high-quality representation of the white matter tracts, brainstem, cranial nerves, and anatomy in the retrosigmoid approach.

Our scoping review yielded 3,620 articles, of which 28 were included in the analysis. Photogrammetry was described in three technical stages: image acquisition, processing, and visualization. About 75% of studies reported high-fidelity image reconstruction, and only 42.9% of articles performed anatomic depth estimation. Concerning microsurgical anatomy education, photogrammetry has primarily rendered digital models of the cranial region (96.4%). During educational sessions, the most common surgical approaches described the orbitozygomatic (20%), endoscopic endonasal (20%), translabyrinthine (13.3%), retrosigmoid (13.3%), and Kawase (13.3%) approaches.

Conclusion Photogrammetry offers an innovative approach to creating portable and virtual anatomical models with high-fidelity and vivid representations of human specimens. The resulting three-dimensional models can provide real proportions to teach visuospatial skills in neurosurgery. However, significant challenges remain to achieve objective accuracy and anatomic depth perception, which are critical for microsurgical education.

Keywords

neuroanatomy - microsurgery - photogrammetry - 3D imaging - neurosurgery

Full Text

References

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