Abstract
The regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles has emerged as a cornerstone of modern
synthetic chemistry, offering immense potential in pharmaceuticals, materials science,
and functional applications. This account focuses on advancing the click reaction
with an emphasis on the innovations stemming from the contributions from our group.
Highlights include the development of novel catalytic systems, both homogeneous and
heterogeneous, and the exploration of copper-free and photocatalytic methodologies.
This account bridges traditional and modern approaches, offering mechanistic insights
and engineering strategies to improve regioselectivity and efficiency. This work envisions
a transformative feature for azide–alkyne cycloaddition, advancing from copper-based
or copper-free catalysis to light-driven innovations.
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals and Mechanistic Insights of the CuAAC
3 Homogeneous Catalysts for Regioselective AAC
3.1 Copper-Catalyzed Homogeneous Catalytic Systems
3.2 Copper-Free Homogeneous Catalytic Systems
4 AAC Reactions Using Heterogeneous Catalysts
4.1 Copper-Based Catalysts on Solid Supports
4.2 Copper-Free Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems
5 AAC Using Non-conventional Sources of Energy
5.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
5.2 Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis
5.3 Photocatalytic AAC (PcAAC) Reactions
6 Some Applications of 1,2,3-Triazoles
7 Concluding Remarks and Future Scope
Key words
click reaction - regioselectivity - azide–alkyne cycloaddition - multicomponent reaction
- triazoles - light-mediated
