Subscribe to RSS

DOI: 10.1055/a-2569-6939
Evaluating Extended Field of View Imaging for Measuring Rectal Tumor Lowest Boundary to Anal Verge Distance via Transrectal Biplane Ultrasound
Authors

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to measure the precise distance from the lowest boundary of a rectal tumor to the anal verge (DTAV) in patients with rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 70 rectal cancer patients. DTAV measurements were collected using transrectal biplane ultrasound, MRI, and colonoscopy.
Results
The difference in DTAV measurements between the mean DTAV value obtained by ultrasound (USmean) and colonoscopy exhibited a difference of 0.22 cm. In contrast, the difference between USmean and MRI was 0.48 cm, while the difference between MRI and colonoscopy was −0.26 cm. The ICC for DTAV measurements demonstrated excellent agreement, with values of 0.948 between USmean and MRI, 0.942 between USmean and colonoscopy, and 0.943 between MRI and colonoscopy. The minimum DTAV value obtained by ultrasound (USmin) was 5.05 cm, the middle DTAV value obtained by ultrasound (USmid) was 5.10 cm, and the maximum DTAV value obtained by ultrasound (USmax) was 5.30 cm. Notably, the median values of the differences in DTAV measurements between USmax and USmin, USmax and USmid, as well as USmid and USmin, were 0.2 cm, 0.1 cm, and 0.1 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the consistency of DTAV measurements between USmin and USmid, USmax and USmid, as well as USmin and USmax was excellent, with all ICC values reaching 0.999. Additionally, the radiologistʼs reassessment of MRI DTAV data showed excellent consistency with the original results, with an ICC value of 0.985.
Conclusion
Transrectal biplane ultrasound utilizing EFOV imaging technology exhibited both accuracy and reproducibility for measuring DTAV. This approach provided a highly efficient and practical clinical tool for DTAV measurement.
Keywords
rectal cancer - colonoscopy - MR imaging - transrectal biplane ultrasound - extended field of view technologyPublication History
Received: 30 September 2024
Accepted after revision: 30 March 2025
Article published online:
05 May 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
Yan Zhang, Lu Liang, Huachong Ma, Jiagang Han, Xiuzhang Lv, Huiyu Ge. Evaluating Extended Field of View Imaging for Measuring Rectal Tumor Lowest Boundary to Anal Verge Distance via Transrectal Biplane Ultrasound. Ultrasound Int Open 2025; 11: a25696939.
DOI: 10.1055/a-2569-6939
-
References
- 1
Siegel RL,
Giaquinto AN,
Jemal A.
Cancer statistics, 2024. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 2024; 74: 12-49
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2
He S,
Xia C,
Li H.
et al.
Cancer profiles in China and comparisons with the USA: a comprehensive analysis
in the incidence, mortality, survival, staging, and attribution to risk
factors. Science China. Life sciences 2024; 67: 122-131
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Sanoff HK.
Improving Treatment Approaches for Rectal Cancer. The New England journal of medicine
2022; 386: 2425-2426
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Lu S,
Liu Z,
Wang B.
et al.
High CFP score indicates poor prognosis and chemoradiotherapy response in LARC
patients. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21: 205
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Rahma OE,
Yothers G,
Hong TS.
et al.
Use of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Initial
Results From the Pembrolizumab Arm of a Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol
2021; 7: 1225-1230
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Saraf A,
Roberts HJ,
Wo JY.
et al.
Optimal Neoadjuvant Strategies for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer by Risk
Assessment and Tumor Location. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20: 1177-1184
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Verkuijl SJ,
Hoff C,
Furnee E.
et al.
Anastomotic Height Is a Valuable Indicator of Long-term Bowel Function Following
Surgery for Rectal Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66: 221-232
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Keller DS,
Paspulati R,
Kjellmo A.
et al.
MRI-defined height of rectal tumours. Br J Surg 2014; 101: 127-132
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Capdevila J,
Gomez MA,
Guillot M.
et al.
SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD clinical guidelines for localized rectal cancer (2021). Clin Transl
Oncol 2022; 24: 646-657
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Benson AB,
Venook AP,
Al-Hawary MM.
et al.
Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in
Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20: 1139-1167
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Bates DDB,
Fuqua JL,
Zheng J.
et al.
Measurement of rectal tumor height from the anal verge on MRI: a comparison of
internal versus external anal sphincter. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46: 867-872
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Han YE,
Park BJ,
Sung DJ.
et al.
How to accurately measure the distance from the anal verge to rectal cancer on
MRI: a prospective study using anal verge markers. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46: 449-458
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Navarro SM,
Chen S,
Farkas LM.
Measuring Rectal Cancer Tumor Height: Concordance Between Clinical Examination
and MRI. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65: 497-504
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Basendowah MH,
Ezzat MA,
Khayyat AH.
et al.
Comparison of flexible endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging in determining
the tumor height in rectal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6: e1705
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Shen J,
Lu S,
Qu R.
et al.
A boundary-guided transformer for measuring distance from rectal tumor to anal
verge on magnetic resonance images. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4: 100711
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Hildebrandt U,
Feifel G.
Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound. Dis Colon Rectum
1985; 28: 42-46
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Park C,
Cho HY,
Kang CK.
Investigation of Structural Changes in Rectus Abdominis Muscle According to
Curl-Up Angle Using Ultrasound with an Extended Field of View. Int J Environ Res Public
Health 2022; 19
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Rakauskas TR,
Barron SM,
Ordonez Diaz T.
et al.
Measuring fascicle lengths of extrinsic and intrinsic thumb muscles using
extended field-of-view ultrasound. J Biomech 2023; 149: 111512
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Tanaka NI,
Ogawa M,
Yoshiko A.
et al.
Validity of Extended-Field-of-View Ultrasound Imaging to Evaluate Quantity and
Quality of Trunk Skeletal Muscles. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47: 376-385
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Kraemer M,
Nabiyev S,
Kraemer S.
et al.
Interrater Agreement of Height Assessment by Rigid Proctoscopy/Rectoscopy for
Rectal Carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67: 1018
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Jacobs L,
Meek DB,
van Heukelom J.
et al.
Comparison of MRI and colonoscopy in determining tumor height in rectal
cancer. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6: 131-137
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Wlodarczyk J,
Gaur K,
Serniak N.
et al
How do they measure up: Assessing the height of rectal cancer with digital
rectal exam, endoscopy, and MRI. Surgery in Practice and Science 2022; 10: 100096
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Serracant A,
Consola B,
Ballesteros E.
et al.
How to Study the Location and Size of Rectal Tumors That Are Candidates for
Local Surgery: Rigid Rectoscopy, Magnetic Resonance, Endorectal Ultrasound or
Colonoscopy? An Interobservational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14
Reference Ris Wihthout Link