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DOI: 10.1055/a-2589-0498
Minimally Invasive Surgery in Endometrial Cancer: Superior for Low-Risk and Comparable for High-Risk Cases in a 20-Year Cohort Study
Minimalinvasive Chirurgie zur Behandlung von Endometriumkarzinomen: 20-jährige Kohortenstudie zeigt bessere Ergebnisse bei Niedrigrisiko- und vergleichbare Ergebnisse für Hochrisiko-PatientinnenAutoren
Abstract
Objective
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to treat endometrial cancer offers advantages over laparotomy, although concerns about its oncological safety for high-risk tumors and feasibility in patients with significant comorbidities remain. This study evaluates perioperative and long-term outcomes of MIS versus open surgery in a tertiary referral center cohort, using FIGO 2010 and 2023 classifications.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of perioperative outcomes, recurrence rates, and survival after endometrial cancer surgery (2000–2021) at an ESGO training center and tertiary referral center in Germany. 760 patients underwent hysterectomy, and adequate data for risk classification (without molecular diagnostics) was available for 330 of them.
Results
More than one third of the patients were aged 70 years or older and approximately half of the patients were obese. A high proportion presented with comorbidities such as hypertension or diabetes. MIS demonstrated favorable perioperative results in both low-risk and high-risk patients. Survival analysis showed a superior outcome with MIS for low-risk (5-year RFS rate: 79.8% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.035; OS rate: 83.8% vs. 58.0%, p = 0.010) and FIGO 2023 stage I disease (OS: p = 0.014). The oncological safety of MIS was equivalent to that of open surgery for high-risk tumors (5-year RFS rate: 60.5% vs. 54.3%, p = 0.506; OS rate: 67.5% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.416) and FIGO 2023 stages II (RFS, p = 0.453; OS, p = 0.378) and III (RFS, p = 0.419; OS, p = 0.850).
Conclusion
MIS was found to have superior outcomes for low-risk endometrial cancer and a comparable safety for high-risk patients, including those with older age or significant comorbidities. These findings support the use of MIS approaches as viable options across diverse risk groups, in line with FIGO 2023.
Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Der Einsatz minimalinvasiver Chirurgie (MIC) zur Behandlung von Endometriumkarzinomen bietet Vorteile im Vergleich zur laparotomischen Behandlung, obwohl es weiterhin Bedenken hinsichtlich der onkologischen Sicherheit bei Hochrisiko-Tumoren und der Umsetzbarkeit bei Patientinnen mit signifikanten Komorbiditäten gibt. Diese Studie untersucht die perioperativen und Langzeitergebnisse von MIC und vergleicht sie anhand der FIGO-2010- und -2023-Klassifizierungen mit den Ergebnissen offener Chirurgie in einer Kohorte aus einem Referenzzentrum der Tertiärversorgung.
Methoden
Es handelt sich hier um eine retrospektive Analyse perioperativer Ergebnisse sowie der Rückfall- und Überlebensraten nach chirurgischen Eingriffen zur Behandlung von Endometriumkarzinom (2000–2021) in einem Ausbildungszentrum der ESGO und Referenzzentrum der Tertiärversorgung in Deutschland. Bei 760 Patientinnen wurde eine Hysterektomie durchgeführt, und für 330 dieser Patientinnen standen ausreichende Daten zur Risikoklassifizierung (ohne molekulare Diagnostik) zur Verfügung.
Ergebnisse
Mehr als ein Drittel der Patientinnen waren 70 Jahre alt oder älter, und ungefähr die Hälfte der Patientinnen hatte Adipositas. Ein hoher Anteil von ihnen wies auch Komorbiditäten wie Hypertonie oder Diabetes mellitus auf. MIC wies günstige perioperative Ergebnisse sowohl bei Niedrigrisiko- als bei auch Hochrisiko-Patientinnen auf. Die Überlebensanalyse zeigte bessere Ergebnisse für MIC bei Niedrigrisiko-Patientinnen (5-Jahres-RFÜ: 79,8% vs. 59,2%, p = 0,035; GÜ: 83,8% vs. 58,0%, p = 0,010) bzw. mit FIGO-2023-Stadium-I-Erkrankung (GÜ: p = 0,014). Bei Hochrisiko-Tumoren war die onkologische Sicherheit von MIC mit der Sicherheit eines offenen Eingriffs vergleichbar (5-Jahres-RFÜ: 60,5% vs. 54,3%, p = 0,506; GÜ: 67,5% vs. 58,3%, p = 0,416), wie auch bei Patientinnen mit FIGO-2023-Stadien-II- (RFÜ, p = 0,453; GÜ, p = 0,378) bzw. -III-Erkrankung (RFÜ, p = 0,419; GÜ, p = 0.850).
Schlussfolgerung
MIC wies bessere Ergebnisse bei Patientinnen mit Niedrigrisiko-Endometriumkarzinomen und eine mit offener Chirurgie vergleichbare Sicherheit bei Hochrisiko-Patientinnen auf, auch bei älteren Patientinnen oder Patientinnen mit signifikanten Komorbiditäten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unterstützen den Einsatz von MIC-Verfahren als praktikable Option zur Behandlung verschiedener Risikogruppen in Übereinstimmung mit FIGO 2023.
What is already known on this topic
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is known to reduce blood loss, shorten hospital stays and minimize postoperative complications in endometrial cancer patients compared to open surgery. However, its effectiveness, especially for high-risk patients in tertiary referral centers, has been debated due to concerns about oncological safety.
What this study adds
This study shows that in expert center settings MIS does not only provide superior perioperative outcomes for all endometrial cancer patients but also has better survival rates for low-risk patients and comparable outcomes for high-risk patients, even for those with advanced age and comorbidities, under the FIGO 2023 risk stratification.
How this study might affect research, practice, or policy
The findings support including MIS in treatment guidelines for high-risk endometrial cancer and advocate its use even in complex cases typical for tertiary centers. This could shift clinical practices further towards a more frequent use of MIS, guiding referrals to expert centers for optimized patient outcomes based on individualized risk profiles.
Keywords
endometrial cancer - minimally invasive surgery - high risk cases - laparoscopy - laparotomySchlüsselwörter
Endometriumkarzinom - minimalinvasive Chirurgie - Hochrisiko-Patientinnen - Laparoskopie - LaparotomiePublikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 03. Januar 2025
Angenommen nach Revision: 10. April 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
19. Mai 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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