Die Tuberkulose ist eine bakterielle Infektionskrankheit durch Mycobacterium tuberculosis und wird in der Regel als Tröpfcheninfektion durch Personen übertragen, die von einer
Lungentuberkulose betroffen sind, der häufigsten Manifestation dieser Erkrankung.
Mit 1,25 Millionen Todesfällen pro Jahr ist die Tuberkulose die häufigste Todesursache
durch eine erregerspezifische Infektionskrankheit weltweit.
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen.
Despite global health initiatives and the WHO’s “End TB” Strategy, progress toward
TB elimination has been slow, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
The standard treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis involves a 6-month combination
of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. However, results from recent
clinical trials suggest that with novel treatment regimens standard tuberculosis treatment
can be shortened substantially in the majority of affected patients. In the field
of drug-resistant tuberculosis, innovations include 6–9-month all-oral regimens with
improved efficacy and tolerability.
An integrated management approach includes patient support, culturally sensitive education,
management of adverse drug reactions, and close clinical monitoring. Novel diagnostic
tools and biomarkers may enhance treatment monitoring in the future. Additionally,
20 new drug candidates are currently in clinical development and may offer shorter,
safer, and more effective therapies.
Schlüsselwörter
Therapie - Therapiedauer - Antibiotikaresistenz - Monitoring - Entwicklung
Keywords
Therapy - Therapy duration - Drug resistance - Monitoring - Development
