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DOI: 10.1055/a-2681-5148
Disseminierte superfizielle Porokeratosis actinica – Ein Fallbericht und Kurzreview
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis – A case report and short reviewAuthors

Zusammenfassung
Porokeratosen stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von Verhornungsstörungen dar, deren gemeinsames Merkmal die „Kornoide Lamelle“, eine schlotförmige, dichte Parakeratose im Str. corneum ist, die den Rand der Effloreszenzen bildet. Klinisch sind es rötlich-bräunliche Rundherde mit einem scharf umschriebenen Rand und zentraler Atrophie. Die Störung der Verhornung ist bedingt durch Loss-of-function-Mutationen in mehreren Genen des Mevalonatstoffwechsels, was zu gestörter Biosynthese von Cholesterin und zu toxischen Stoffwechselprodukten führt. Es wird postuliert, dass durch die entstehenden toxischen Stoffwechselprodukte eine Störung der Keratinozyten-Differenzierung und Entzündungsprozesse initiieren werden. Familiäre und sporadische Formen sind bekannt, aber wahrscheinlich sind noch Trigger zur Manifestation nötig z.B. UV, Medikamente, Immunsuppression. Die verschiedenen klinischen Formen, die sich durch Größe, Form und Verteilung der Effloreszenzen unterscheiden, sind eventuell nur morphologische Varianten. Die häufigste Form ist die disseminierte superfizielle aktinische Porokeratose. Insbesondere in größeren Läsionen entstehen nicht selten Plattenepithelkarzinome. Es existiert keine evidenzbasierte Therapie. Eine Vielzahl von Publikationen – meist Fallberichte – beschreiben lokale Immuntherapien, Vitamin-D-Analoga, Retinoide, Biologika, ablative Prozeduren und PDT. Neuerdings werden meist pathogenetisch initiierte Therapien, nämlich die Hemmung von Enzymen des Mevalonatstoffelwechsels durch Statine und Cholesterin als lokale Therapien versucht. Es liegen bereits einige positive Ergebnisse vor, allerdings fehlen randomisierte Studien noch.
Abstract
Porokeratoses represent a heterogeneous group of keratinzation disorders whose common feature is the “cornoid lamella”, a column-shaped dense parakeratosis in the stratum corneum that forms the edge of the lesions. Clinically, they are reddish-brownish round plaques with a sharply defined edge and central atrophy. The cornification disorder is caused by loss-of-function mutations in several genes of the mevalonate metabolism, which leads to a disturbed biosynthesis of cholesterol and toxic metabolites. It is postulated that the resulting toxic metabolites initiate a disturbance of keratinocyte differentiation and inflammatory processes. Familial and sporadic forms are known, but triggers are probably still needed for manifestation, e.g. UV, medication, immunosuppression. The different clinical forms, which differ in size, shape and distribution of the lesions, may only be morphological variants. The most common form is the disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Squamous cell carcinomas may develop, especially in larger lesions. There is no evidence-based therapy. A large number of publications – mostly case reports – describe local immunotherapies, vitamin D analogues, retinoids, biologicals, ablative procedures and PDT. Recently, mostly pathogenetically initiated therapies, namely the inhibition of enzymes of the mevalonate metabolism by statins and cholesterol as ointments, have been tried. Some positive results are already available, but randomized clinical studies are still lacking.
Publication History
Received: 08 August 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
Article published online:
15 October 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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