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DOI: 10.1055/a-2685-5087
Status quo und Erfahrungswerte hausärztlicher Versorger*innen in Bezug auf die Beratung und das Management von Adipositas
Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Online-Befragung von Allgemeinmediziner*innen in DeutschlandStatus quo and experience of primary care providers with regard to the counseling and management of obesityResults of a quantitative-exploratory survey of general practitioners in GermanyAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Übergewicht und Adipositas stellen das Gesundheitswesen vor Herausforderungen. Hausärzt*innen befinden sich in einer günstigen Position, um wichtige Beiträge zur Prävention und zum Management bei Adipositas zu leisten. Ziel der Studie war es, Positionen, Haltungen, Erfahrungswerte und Verbesserungswünsche von Hausärzt*innen mit Blick auf die Adipositas-Versorgung zu ermitteln.
Methoden
Im Zuge einer Online-Befragung wurden zwischen Januar und April 2024 insgesamt 4038 Hausärzt*innen befragt. Über die deskriptive Analyse hinaus erfolgte zur Ermittlung signifikanter Unterschiede zwischen 2 Gruppen ein t-Test bei unabhängigen Stichproben.
Ergebnisse
Hausärzt*innen erleben Adipositas als bedeutende Herausforderung. Sie legen bei der Gewichtsberatung Wert darauf, die individuelle Lebenssituation zu erfassen, um Ursachen und Konsequenzen des Übergewichts besser zu bestimmen. Während eine Ernährungsberatung von jedem zweiten Befragten durchgeführt wird, kommt eine Bewegungsberatung seltener vor. Ein Teil macht von der Möglichkeit Gebrauch, Patient*innen konkrete Gesundheitsangebote zu empfehlen. In Bezug auf therapeutische Maßnahmen befassen sich die Befragten mit der Umstellung der Ernährung, gefolgt von Fragen der psychosozialen Unterstützung und physischen Aktivierung. Oft sind Hausärzt*innen mit der Bilanz des Krankheitsmanagements nicht zufrieden und wünschen sich tragfähigere interprofessionelle Strukturen.
Diskussion
Die Potenziale der Primärversorgung für das Adipositas-Management werden derzeit nicht voll ausgeschöpft. Es erscheint sinnvoll, bei Hausärzt*innen das Bewusstsein für die Hintergründe der Adipositas sowie eine motivierende, verhaltensorientierte Gesprächsführung besser zu verankern. Die Diagnose „Adipositas“ sollte mit konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen verbunden werden. Hausärzt*innen sollten in ihrer Vermittlerrolle bestärkt werden, indem sie Patient*innen je nach Bedarf in ein Netzwerk weiterer Hilfen einbinden. Die Entwicklung hausarztkonformer Versorgungsprogramme zum Management der Adipositas sollte weiter vorangetrieben werden.
Abstract
Introduction
Overweight and obesity pose significant challenges for the healthcare system. General practitioners in particular are in a good position to make important contributions to the prevention and management of obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the positions, attitudes and experiences, as well as the wishes for improvement of GPs with regard to obesity care.
Methods
In the course of an online survey, a total of 4,038 GPs were surveyed between January and April 2024. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a t-test for independent samples was conducted to determine significant differences between 2 groups.
Results
GPs experience obesity as a significant challenge. When providing weight advice, they place particular importance on assessing the individual’s life situation in order to better determine the causes and consequences of excess weight. While nutritional advice is provided by every second respondent, exercise advice is less common. Some make use of the opportunity to recommend specific health services to patients. In terms of therapeutic measures, the respondents place great emphasis on changing the diet, followed by questions of psychosocial support and physical activation. GPs are often not satisfied with the outcome of disease management. The respondents would like to see more sustainable interprofessional structures.
Discussion
The potential of primary care for obesity management is currently not being fully exploited. It seems sensible to raise awareness among GPs of the causes of obesity and to anchor a motivating, behavior-oriented conversation in a more efficient way. A diagnosis of obesity should be linked to concrete recommendations for action. GPs should be strengthened in their mediator role by integrating patients into a network of other support services as needed. The development of GP-compliant care programs for obesity management should be further promoted.
Publication History
Article published online:
16 October 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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