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J Reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/a-2717-5119
Original Article

The Impact of Intraoperative Methadone on Perioperative Opioid Requirements in Autologous Free Flap Breast Reconstruction

Authors

  • Sydney Somers 

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

  • Alexandra Vitale

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

  • Aaron Dadzie

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

  • Mackenzie French

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

  • Devin Eddington

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

  • Jayant P. Agarwal

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

  • Alvin C. Kwok

    1   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Abstract

Background

The use of intraoperative methadone has received considerable attention due to reports of reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption without increased risk of opioid-related side effects. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative opioid requirements in patients who received intraoperative methadone to those who did not receive intraoperative methadone following autologous breast reconstruction (ABR).

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who underwent ABR from July 2023 to August 2024 was performed. Patients were stratified into an intraoperative methadone and nonintraoperative methadone cohort. Patient demographics, operative characteristics, hospital length of stay, and perioperative opioid consumption per patient were collected. The primary outcome was daily postoperative opioid requirements, recorded in morphine milligram equivalents (MME).

Results

A total of 112 patients who underwent ABR breast reconstruction were identified, 54 in the intraoperative methadone cohort and 58 in the nonintraoperative methadone cohort. Mean opioid consumption was significantly less for the methadone cohort intraoperatively (23.7 ± 13.7 MME vs. 44.5 ± 18.8 MME, p < 0.01), on postoperative day (POD) 1 (29.04 ± 28.9 MME vs. 44.4 ± 37.9 MME, p = 0.04), POD-2 (22.9 ± 25.7 MME vs. 38.7 ± 38.2 MME, p = 0.04), and overall throughout hospitalization compared with the nonintraoperative methadone patients (87.4 ± 87.1 vs. 139.1 ± 121.2; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Intraoperative methadone significantly reduces inpatient opioid use after undergoing ABR on POD-1, POD2, and overall throughout hospitalization. Our findings support the need for well-designed prospective trials to further assess the effectiveness of intraoperative methadone in managing perioperative pain and reducing opioid use during ABR.

Keywords

methadone - opioids - free flap - breast reconstruction - pain


Publication History

Received: 07 July 2025

Accepted: 21 September 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
09 October 2025

Article published online:
30 October 2025

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