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Int J Sports Med
DOI: 10.1055/a-2760-6902
Clinical Sciences

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Prediction in Vestibular Hypofunction. Does One Size Fit All?

Autor*innen

  • Maitane Ruiz-Rios

    1   Department of Physical Education and Sport, Society Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

  • Sara Maldonado-Martin 

    2   PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT, UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY. FACULTY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT SCIENCES, VITORIA-GASTEIZ, Spain

  • Asier Lekue

    3   Osakidetza, Otorrinolaringology Services of OSI Araba-Osakidetza, University Hospital from Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

  • Julene Argaluza-Escudero

    4   Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

  • Pablo Corres

    5   PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, VITORIA-GASTEIZ, Spain

  • Mikel Tous-Espelosin

    6   Department of Physical Education and Sport, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (Ringgold ID: RIN16402)

  • Lucas Tojal-Sierra

    7   Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)0034945013507, CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain

  • Ibai Garcia-Tabar 

    8   Department of Physical Education and Sport,, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

Gefördert durch: University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) PIF21/160
Gefördert durch: Vital Fundazioa-Bioaraba BAFV22-012
Gefördert durch: Vital Fundazioa VITAL21/14

Clinical Trial:

Registration number (trial ID): NCT05192564, Trial registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org/), Type of Study: controlled, randomized, prospective, single-blinded, two-arm, parallel intervention study


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Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of health and mortality. However, its gold-standard assessment, peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX), is not always feasible in clinical practice. This study aimed to 1) develop exercise-based CRF prediction models for people with vestibular hypofunction (VH) and 2) evaluate the applicability of existing models to this population. Fifty-four adults with unilateral or bilateral VH (56% women) completed maximal CPX for V̇O2peak determination. CRF prediction models were developed using maximal (VHmax) and submaximal (with [VHsub G] and without [VHsub N-G] gas exchange analysis) test characteristics. A 100-fold repeated cross-validation assessed model accuracy. VHmax (r = 0.90, SEE = 3.0), VHsub G (r = 0.86, SEE = 3.6), and VHsub N-G (r = 0.79, SEE = 4.3) showed high predictive accuracy, with minimal bias (<1%). Existing equations misestimated CRF (ES = 0.56–0.68, large). Predictions within ±1 MET were higher for VH models, reaching up to 8–9 out of 10 individual cases. The newly developed VH-specific models offer more accurate, clinically applicable tools for CRF estimation across various clinical scenarios, including settings where maximal testing is not feasible. An automated calculator was developed to support clinical implementation in VH management.



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 04. August 2025

Angenommen nach Revision: 01. Dezember 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
02. Dezember 2025

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