Tiermodelle in der Neurologie: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Zusammenfassung

Tiermodelle spielen für die Erforschung der Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Therapieoptionen verschiedenster neurologischer Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle. Ihr Nutzen und ihre Limitierungen werden schwerpunktmäßig am Beispiel der experimentellen Autoimmun-Enzephalomyelitis (EAE), dem Tiermodell der Multiplen Sklerose (MS), diskutiert. Spezifische Fragen der Genetik, Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Therapie entzündlicher, degenerativer, ischämischer, traumatischer und neoplastischer Erkrankungen des Nervensystems erfordern jeweils spezielle Tiermodelle. Alternativmethoden auf der Basis von Zell-, Gewebs- und Organkulturen sowie Computersimulationen sind bisher nur selten ähnlich aussagekräftig. Neue krankheitsphasenspezifische Biomarker werden benötigt, um die Übertragbarkeit der Resultate aus dem Tierversuch in die klinische Praxis zu verbessern.

Abstract

Animal models play an important role for exploration of the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of various neurological diseases. Their benefit and limitations are being discussed mainly focussed at experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To answer specific questions concerning the genetics, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of inflammatory, degenerative, ischemic, traumatic und neoplastic diseases of the nervous system different animal models are needed. So far, these are only partially available. Rarely there are alternative methods such as cell, tissue and organ cultures and computer simulations. New phase-specific biomarkers are needed in order to improve the potency of experimental results to be translated into clinical practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Tiermodelle - translationale Medizin - Therapiestudien - experimentelle Autoimmun-Enzephalomyelitis

Key words

animal models - translational medicine - therapeutic trials - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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