Gewichtsreduktion bei Adipositas: Welche Rolle spielen die Gene?

Zusammenfassung

Der Anstieg der Adipositasprävalenz hat ein wachsendes Angebot an Gewichtsreduktionsprogrammen zur Folge. Es ist bekannt, dass der Gewichtsverlust unabhängig von der Art der Adipositastherapie auch unter standardisierten Bedingungen stark variiert. Neuere Daten weisen darauf hin, dass dafür zum Teil die genetische Ausstattung verantwortlich ist. So konnten Assoziationsstudien einen Zusammenhang zwischen Genvarianten und Gewichtsreduktion zeigen. Allerdings ist die Datenlage inkonsistent, viele Studien haben methodische Limitationen. Neben der genetischen Prädisposition spielen Faktoren wie Compliance und Lebensstil, die ebenfalls genetisch beeinflusst sind, eine wahrscheinlich größere Rolle für den Erfolg eines Abnehmprogramms. Der derzeitige Wissensstand bezüglich genetischer Determinanten der Gewichtsreduktion hat noch keine klinische Bedeutung. Eine Identifizierung aller relevanten Gene könnte aber zukünftig dazu beitragen, eine personalisierte Adipositastherapie anzubieten, womit größere Erfolge bei der Gewichtsreduktion erzielt werden könnten.

Abstract

Because of the increasing prevalence of obesity there are ever more weight-loss programmes. Independently of such programmes it is well known that there are considerable variations in weight loss under the same standardized conditions. Recent studies provide first evidence that a genetic background could be partly responsible for these variations. Significant associations were shown between specific gene variants and weight loss. However data are inconsistent and many studies have methodological limitations. Although the genetic background may influence weight loss, items such as compliance and life-style may play a greater role. Thus the current knowledge about genetic determinants of weight loss has as yet no clinical relevance. However, the identification of gene effects could contribute to offering personalized treatment of obesity and thus achieving greater weight loss.

Schlüsselwörter

Genetik - Gewichtsabnahme - Ernährungstherapie - Adipositas

Keywords

genetic - weight loss - diet - obesity

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