DNA-Reparatur: Von den Mechanismen zur Bedeutung in der arbeitsmedizinischen Forschung

Zusammenfassung

Die menschliche DNA besteht aus mehr als drei Milliarden Basenpaaren und ist unter anderem auch für die Steuerung der Zellvermehrung zuständig. Durch verschiedene innere und äußere Einflüsse hervorgerufene Schädigungen der DNA können unter Umständen diese Steuerung der Zellvermehrung beeinflussen und dann zu schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen führen. Um solche schädlichen Prozesse zu unterbinden, verfügt der menschliche Körper über eine Reihe von Reparaturenzymen, die in der Regel dafür sorgen, dass diese DNA-Schädigungen schnell eliminiert werden. Da jeder Mensch unterschiedliche Varianten eines Gens mit geringfügig anderen Eigenschaften besitzt, ergibt sich für jeden Menschen auch ein individuelles Spektrum an Reparaturgenvarianten. Daher gilt es zunächst festzustellen, welche Rolle diese Varianten bezogen auf bestimmte berufsbedingte Expositionen spielen, um dann in einem zweiten Schritt mit Hilfe epidemiologischer Modelle abschätzen zu können, in welchem Ausmaß diese Enzymvarianten in der Lage sind, die DNA-Adduktbildung oder Biomonitoring-Parameter zu modulieren.

Abstract

The human genome comprises more than three billion base pairs and a part of this information is responsible for the control of cell proliferation. Different internal and external factors are able to affect DNA and could influence the proliferation process. As a consequence critical diseases may occur. To prevent such harmful occurrences, the human body contains multiple repair enzymes that allow for the immediate elimination of DNA damage. Since each individual exhibits a set of gene variants with different properties, each person possesses his/her individual spectrum of DNA repair gene variants. For this reason, the first step of current studies is to obtain more information about the impact of DNA variants in repair enzymes in connection with certain occupational exposures with the aim to use this information in epidemiological models to calculate in which manner such variants are able to modulate DNA adducts or biomonitoring parameters.

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