Risikofaktoren der sporadischen Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit

Zusammenfassung

Die sporadische Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit (sCJK) macht den größten Anteil an humanen Prionerkrankungen aus. Ihre Ursache gibt noch immer viele Rätsel auf. Aufgrund seiner biochemischen Eigenschaften erweist sich der Erreger weitgehend resistent gegenüber den üblichen Sterilisationsmethoden, so dass medizinische invasive Eingriffe an der Entstehung der Erkrankung beteiligt sein könnten. Die Kenntnisse über iatrogene Übertragungswege, orale Infektionen und Ansteckungen durch Blutprodukte bei der variante CJK (vCJK) unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit einer sorgfältigen Überwachung und Analyse von potentiellen Übertragungswegen.

In verschiedenen bisher publizierten Studien zu Risikofaktoren der sCJK wurden zum Teil widersprüchliche Ergebnisse beschrieben, die hauptsächlich durch das jeweilige verwendete Kontrollkollektiv erklärbar sein könnten.

In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick über Epidemiologie und Klassifikation der CJK gegeben, mögliche Risikofaktoren diskutiert und bisherige Fall-Kontroll-Studien zusammengefasst.

Summary

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common form of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion disease), but its cause has not been fully elucidated. According to its biochemical properties prion protein is resistant to routine sterilisation methods. Thus, invasive medical procedures could be involved in the genesis of the disease. Present knowledge about iatrogenic routes of transmission, oral infection and transmission via blood products in variant CJD (vCJD) underlines the importance of careful surveillance and analysis of potential routes of transmission.

Several studies of risk factors for sCJD published in the past have given contrary results, which may be largely explained by different control groups.

This article reviews epidemiology and classification of CJD and discusses possible risk factors and summarizes previous case-control studies.

Schlüsselwörter

sporadische Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit - sCJK - Risikofaktor - Fall-Kontroll-Studie - Epidemiologie

Keywords

sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - sCJD - risk factor - case-control study - epidemiology

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