Zusammenfassung
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ist ein neues Ultraschallverfahren zur nicht
invasiven Abschätzung der Leberfibrose. Hierbei werden im Gewebe Scherwellen induziert,
deren Geschwindigkeit in Relation zur Gewebesteifigkeit steht. ARFI kann eine fortgeschrittene
Leberfibrose bei chronischen Lebererkrankungen detektieren. Die Spezifität des Verfahrens
wird jedoch durch Entzündungsprozesse, Ödembildung und Cholestase beeinträchtigt.
Bei Patienten mit akutem Leberversagen und Indikation zur Lebertransplantation ist
die Methode bisher nicht evaluiert. Wir berichten über 3 Patienten mit akutem Leberversagen,
deren ARFI-Resultate mit gesunden Probanden (n = 33) und Patienten mit Leberzirrhose
(n = 21) verglichen wurden. Die ARFI-Ergebnisse der 3 Patienten mit Leberversagen
betrugen 3,0, 2,5 und 2,7 m/s. Sie waren signifikant gegenüber den Messwerten bei
gesunden Probanden (Median: 1,13 m/s; p < 0,001) erhöht und vergleichbar mit Patienten
mit Leberzirrhose (Median: 2,93 m/s). Zwei Patienten wurden Leber-transplantiert.
Die Explantate zeigten ausgeprägte Nekrosen, aber keine Anzeichen einer fortgeschrittenen
Leberfibrose. Bei dem 3. Patienten war keine Lebertransplantation erforderlich. Wiederholte
ARFI-Messungen ergaben rückläufige ARFI-Messwerte im Verlauf. Die ARFI-Technologie
kann nicht zuverlässig zwischen akuten Nekrosen und einer fortgeschrittenen Fibrose
unterscheiden und ist daher bei einem akuten Leberversagen in ihrer Aussage limitiert.
Abstract
Acoustic radiation force Impulse (ARFI) technology correlates shear-wave velocity
with fibrosis. It can differentiate between advanced fibrosis and normal tissue in
chronic liver disease. However, specificity is impaired by cholestasis, inflammation
or oedema in acute hepatitis. In patients with acute liver failure (ALF) necessitating
liver transplantation ARFI has not been evaluated yet. We investigated 3 patients
with ALF and compared their ARFI results to those of healthy controls (n = 33) and
cases with liver cirrhosis (n = 21). In the 3 ALF patients shear-wave velocities were
3.0, 2.5, and 2.7 m/s, respectively. These results were significantly increased compared
to those of healthy controls (median: 1.13 m/s; p < 0.001) and similar to those of
cirrhotic individuals (median: 2.93 m/s). Two individuals underwent liver transplantation.
Explants showed massive necrosis, but no signs of chronic liver disease. Patient 3
recovered spontaneously and showed decreasing ARFI results during follow-up. In conclusion,
hepatic necrosis can mimic liver cirrhosis at ARFI evaluation in ALF patients and
this impairs the specificity of ARFI.
Schlüsselwörter
Gewebesteifigkeit - Phenprocoumon - transiente Elastographie - Ultraschall
Key words
liver stiffness - phenprocoumon - transient elastography - ultrasonography
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Dr. Johannes Wiegand, M. D.
Dept. of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig
Liebigstr. 20
04103 Leipzig
Phone: ++ 49/3 41/9 71 22 00
Fax: ++ 49/3 41/9 71 22 09
Email: johannes.wiegand@medizin.uni-leipzig.de