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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246058
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Symptomatik und Kognition bei Schizophrenie im Alter
Symptoms and Cognition in Geriatric SchizophreniaPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
03. Mai 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Schon bei der Erstmanifestation ist das klinische Bild schizophrener Psychosen durch eine Vielzahl psychopathologischer Symptome und kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen gekennzeichnet, die durch Lebensalter und Altersprozesse beeinflusst werden. Deshalb differenzieren Forschungsarbeiten häufig zwischen Spätschizophrenien mit einem Erkrankungsbeginn jenseits des 40. Lebensjahres und chronifizierten Verläufen, die sich durch eine frühere Krankheitsmanifestation auszeichnen. Klinische Studien berichten über ein prononciertes Auftreten von Positivsymptomen bei Spätschizophrenien. Negativsymptome treten bei Spätschizophrenien seltener auf, werden jedoch bei älteren Patienten mit chronischen Verläufen z. T. in Abhängigkeit von der Erkrankungsdauer regelmäßig beobachtet. Hinsichtlich der kognitiven Leistung fanden neuropsychologische Studien zumindest bei einer dauerhaft hospitalisierten Subgruppe der Patienten mit chronischen Verläufen eine Verschlechterung mit dem Lebensalter bzw. der Erkrankungsdauer. Bei vergleichenden Studien Früh- und Späterkrankter wurden größtenteils keine abweichenden Profile hinsichtlich der kognitiven Leistung festgestellt. Von einigen Autoren wurde vermutet, dass die Spätschizophrenie lediglich ein Prodromalsymptom für eine Demenz sein könnte. Nach der aktuellen Studienlage sind die Spätschizophrenien jedoch mit früh beginnenden Schizophrenien vergleichbar. Die Manifestation in der Jugend und dem frühen Erwachsenenalter wird möglicherweise durch spezifische protektive Faktoren hinausgezögert, während später auftretende altersbedingte Faktoren zum Erkrankungsbeginn führen.
Abstract
From the first manifestation of schizophrenic psychosis onwards numerous psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairments occur, which are affected by age and the aging process. Clinical trials report a pronounced incidence of positive symptoms in late-onset schizophrenia. Negative symptoms are often observed in chronic-course psychosis, but occur infrequently in late-onset-schizophrenia. With respect to cognitive performance neuropsychological studies have shown a decrease in the test performance of permanently hospitalised patients with chronic schizophrenia as age and illness duration increased. Comparative studies of early and late-onset patients in most cases have reported no differing profiles of cognitive performance. Some investigators propose that late-onset schizophrenia may be a prodromal symptom of dementia. However, current studies show that late-onset schizophrenia is basically comparable to its early-onset counterpart. The manifestation in youth and early adulthood may be prevented by specific protective factors until aging-related parameters lead to the onset of symptoms during late life.
Schlüsselwörter
Schizophrenie und Lebensalter - Spätschizophrenie - Altersschizophrenie - Symptomatik - Kognition
Keywords
geriatric schizophrenia - late-onset schizophrenia - old-age schizophrenia - symptoms - cognition
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1 Frühe Veröffentlichung von Mayer-Gross ohne Führung des Doppelnamens.
Lena Anna Schmid
Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Sektion für gerontopsychiatrische Forschung Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Voss Straße 4
69115 Heidelberg
eMail: lena.schmid@med.uni-heidelberg.de