Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Der Goldstandard in der operativen Versorgung der degenerativen Bandscheibenerkrankung
ist seit vielen Jahren die interkorporelle Fusion. Die Problematik der Anschlusssegmentdegeneration
durch Immobilisierung eines oder mehrerer Wirbelsäulensegmente nach Fusion förderte
die Entwicklung nicht fusionierender Verfahren, deren bekanntester Vertreter die Bandscheibenprothese
darstellt. Die Untersuchung der perioperativen Morbidität bei lumbalem Bandscheibenersatz
war Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Methode: 66 Patienten wurden im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2007 78 lumbale Bandscheibenprothesen
implantiert. Retrospektiv wurden patientenspezifische Daten (Komorbiditäten, Art und
Anzahl der Voroperationen), der perioperative Blutverlust, Anzahl und Höhe der versorgten
Segmente, die Operationsdauer sowie allgemeine und technische Komplikationen analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Bei 54 Patienten erfolgte eine mono-, bei 12 eine bisegmentale Implantation. Im Gesamtkollektiv
betrug die durchschnittliche Operationszeit 112 min bei einem durchschnittlichen Blutverlust
von 560 ml. Weder Art bzw. Anzahl der Komorbiditäten, Voroperationen, Operationsdauer
oder versorgte Segmenthöhe hatten Einfluss auf das Auftreten einer perioperativen
Komplikation. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zeigte sich für die mehrsegmentale Versorgung
sowie den intraoperativen Blutverlust. Das Komplikationsspektrum umfasste bezüglich
allgemeiner Komplikationen bei 6 Personen (9 %) Harnwegsinfektionen. Die technischen
Komplikationen setzten sich wie folgt zusammen: 4 Personen (6 %) mit einem transfusionspflichtigen
intraoperativen Blutverlust (> 1500 ml), 1 Person (1,5 %) mit Verletzung der V. iliaca,
1 Person (1,5 %) mit retrograder Ejakulation und 1 Person (1,5 %) mit Duraverletzung
und konsekutiver intraspinaler Infektion. Schlussfolgerung: Die perioperative Morbidität bei lumbaler Bandscheibenprothesenimplantation im vorliegenden
Kollektiv erbrachte eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit bisher publizierten Daten
und scheint vergleichbar mit der perioperativen Morbidität bei interkorporellen Fusionsoperationen
zu sein.
Abstract
Aim: For several years now interbody fusion has been the gold standard procedure for treating
degenerative disc disease. The problem of adjacent disc degeneration after interbody
arthrodesis led to the development of non-fusion techniques. The device which best
represents the philosophy of spine arthroplasty is the total lumbar disc replacement
(TDR). An analysis of the perioperative morbidity of lumbar disc replacement was carried
out in the current study. Method: 66 patients underwent lumbar disc replacement between 2001 and 2007. 78 protheses
were implanted. Retrospectively patient-related variables (comorbidity, prior surgeries),
perioperative blood loss, number and levels operated on, operation duration and technical
and general complications were analysed. Results: 54 patients had mono- and 12 patients bisegmental TDR. The mean operation time was
112 minutes with an average blood loss of 560 mL. Neither the type of comorbidity,
prior surgery, operation duration, nor level operated on had an influence on the occurrence
of perioperative morbidity. A significant influence could be shown for the number
of levels operated on and the intraoperative blood loss. General complications were
seen in 6 persons (9 %) with urinary tract infection, technical complications occurred
in 4 persons (6 %) with severe blood loss (> 1500 mL) and erythrocyte/plasma substitution,
1 person (1.5 %) with an injury of the iliac vein, 1 person (1.5 %) with retrograde
ejaculation and 1 person (1.5 %) with dural tear and consecutive epidural infection.
Conclusion: In our study the perioperative morbidity of lumbar disc replacement was similar to
the data published so far and seems to be comparable with the perioperative morbidity
of lumbar interbody fusion.
Schlüsselwörter
Bandscheibenprothese - Morbidität - lumbal
Key words
disc replacement - morbidity - lumbar discs
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Dr. Manuel Däxle
Orthopädisches Universitätsklinikum am RKU
Oberer Eselsberg 45
89031 Ulm
Phone: 07 31/1 77 51 27
Fax: 07 31/1 77 11 84
Email: manuel.daexle@rku.de