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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1254335
Endoscopic Forehead and Brow-lift
Publication History
Publication Date:
03 June 2010 (online)

ABSTRACT
The endoscopic method of rejuvenating the brow-forehead complex has evolved into the procedure of choice for many aesthetic surgeons. Safe and reliable application of the endoscopic technique depends on several important factors. These include technical expertise with the endoscopic equipment, understanding of the surgical goals in patients seeking rejuvenation in the forehead region, and detailed comprehension of the steps involved in altering forehead anatomy during endoscopic lifting. In this article, the senior author reviews his experience with the endoscopic forehead-lift and delineates a stepwise approach to this technically challenging operation. The text also highlights important details with respect to patient care, endoscopic equipment, and surgical anatomy. “Keller's rules of fours” are introduced to summarize surgical pearls of the endoscopic forehead- and brow-lift.
KEYWORDS
Endoscopic - forehead-lift - brow-lift
REFERENCES
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1 Janis J E, Potter J K, Rohrich R J.
Brow lift techniques . In: Fagien S Putterman's Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA; Saunders 2008 -
2 Keller G S, Hucherson R.
Endoscopic forehead and brow lift . In: Keller GS Endoscopic Facial Plastic Surgery. Philadelphia, PA; Mosby 1997 - 3 Sclafani A P, Fozo M S, Romo III T, McCormick S A. Strength and histological characteristics of periosteal fixation to bone after elevation. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2003; 5 63-66
Gregory S KellerM.D. F.A.C.S.
Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
221 West Pueblo Street, Suite A, Santa Barbara, CA 93105
Email: drgregorykeller@gmail.com
Email: faclft@aol.com