Fire and Ice: Percutaneous Ablative Therapies and Cement Injection in Management of Metastatic Disease of the Spine

Peter L Munk; Kieran J Murphy; Afshin Gangi; David M Liu

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275595

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, Table of Contents

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2011; 15(2): 125-134
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275595

Fire and Ice: Percutaneous Ablative Therapies and Cement Injection in Management of Metastatic Disease of the Spine

Peter L. Munk¹ ^, ² , Kieran J. Murphy³ , Afshin Gangi⁴ , David M. Liu¹ ^, ² ^, ⁵

¹Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
³Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
⁴Department of Non-Vascular Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
⁵Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Oncology intervention is actively moving beyond simple bone cement injection. Archimedes taught us that a volume displaces its volume. Where does the tumor we displace with our cement injection go? It is no longer acceptable that we displace tumor into the venous system with our cement injections. We must kill the tumor first. Different image-guided percutaneous techniques can be used for treatment in patients with primary or secondary bone tumors. Curative ablation can be applied for the treatment of specific benign or in selected cases of malignant localized spinal tumors. Pain palliation therapy of primary and secondary bone tumors can be achieved with safe, fast, effective, and tolerable percutaneous methods. Ablation (chemical, thermal, mechanical), cavitation (radiofrequency ionization), and consolidation (cementoplasty) techniques can be used separately or in combination. Each technique has its indications, with both advantages and drawbacks. To prevent pathological fractures, a consolidation is necessary. In spinal or acetabular tumors, a percutaneous cementoplasty should be associated with cryoablation to avoid a compression fracture. The cement is injected after complete thawing of the ice ball or the day after the cryotherapy. A syndrome of multiorgan failure, severe coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation following hepatic cryoablation has been described and is referred to as the cryoshock phenomenon.

KEYWORDS

Vertebroplasty - radiofrequency ablation - cryoablation - metastases - myeloma

Full Text

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Peter L MunkM.D.

Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital

855 West 12th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Email: peter.munk@vch.ca