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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286067
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Membranöse Glomerulonephritis: Differenziertere Therapien durch Autoantikörperbestimmung?
Membranous glomerulonephritis: Better therapy with autoantibody monitoring?Publication History
eingereicht: 18.1.2011
akzeptiert: 14.4.2011
Publication Date:
29 August 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die membranöse Glomerulonephritis (MGN) ist die häufigste Ursache eines nephrotischen Syndroms im Erwachsenenalter. Die MGN ist eine Autoimmun-erkrankung, die durch die Bindung von zirkulierenden Autoantikörpern an die glomeruläre Filtrationsbarriere entsteht. Die klinische Symptomatik variiert zwischen geringer Proteinurie und schwerstem nephrotischen Syndrom mit monströsen Flüssigkeitseinlagerungen, nicht beherrschbarer Hyperlipidämie und gesteigerter Infektionsneigung. Bei einem Drittel aller Patienten kommt es unter einer symptomatischen Behandlung zur kompletten oder partiellen Remission der Proteinurie. Unbehandelt verlieren 20 – 30 % der Patienten innerhalb 5 – 10 Jahren ihre Nierenfunktion. Zur symptomatischen Therapie werden ACE-Hemmer und AT-I-Blocker, Schleifendiuretika und Statine eingesetzt. Ein Risikoscore, der sich an der Proteinurie und Nierenfunktion orientiert, wurde bisher als Entscheidungshilfe für die Indikation zu einer immunmodulatorischen Therapie eingesetzt. Neue Möglichkeiten für eine differenziertere Diagnostik und Therapie der MGN können von der Bestimmung zirkulierender Autoantikörper gegen einen podozytären Phospholipase-A2 Rezeptor erreicht werden.
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Binding of circulating autoantibodies to the glomerular filtration barrier leads to the development of this autoimmune disease. The clinical symptoms range from small proteinuria to severe nephrotic syndrome with enormous oedema, not controllable hyperlipidaemia and increased disposition for infection. One third of patients reach complete or partial remission of proteinuria under symptomatic treatment, which includes ACE-inhibitors and AT-I-blockers, loop diuretics and statins. Untreated the disease leads to loss of renal function over 5 – 10 years in 20 – 30 % of patients. A risk score based on proteinuria and renal function is used to guide the decision when to start with an immunosuppressive therapy. A better adapted diagnostic and therapy of membranous nephropathy may be possible through measurement of circulating autoantibodies directed against a podocytic phospholipase-A2 receptor.
Schlüsselwörter
membranöse Glomerulonephritis - nephrotisches Syndrom - Phospholipase-A2-Rezeptor-Autoantikörper - Rituximab
Keywords
membranous glomerulonephritis - nephrotic syndrome - phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibodies - rituximab
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Prof. Dr. Rolf A. K. Stahl
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistr.
52
20246 Hamburg
Phone: 040/7410-53908
Fax: 040/7410-55186
Email: rstahl@uke.de