Int J Sports Med 2012; 33(12): 1034-1038
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304637
Behavioural Sciences
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Myeloperoxidase Levels Predict Executive Function

H. Haslacher
1   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
,
T. Perkmann
1   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
,
I. Lukas
2   Unit of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
,
A. Barth
3   Division for Health Policy, Administration and Law, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i. T. , Austria
,
E. Ponocny-Seliger
4   Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
,
M. Michlmayr
2   Unit of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
,
V. Scheichenberger
1   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
,
O. Wagner
1   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
,
R. Winker
5   Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 17 January 2012

Publication Date:
01 August 2012 (online)

Abstract

The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether baseline myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are associated with executive cognitive function in individuals with high physical activity. Baseline serum MPO levels of 56 elderly marathon runners and 58 controls were assessed by ELISA. Standardized tests were applied to survey domain-specific cognitive functions. Changes in brain morphology were visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High baseline serum MPO levels correlated with worse outcome in tests assessing executive cognitive function in athletes but not in the control group (NAI maze test p<0.05, Trail Making Test ratio p<0.01). In control participants, subcortical white matter hyperintensities were associated with higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (p<0.05), whereas athletes seem to be protected from this effect. During strenuous exercising, MPO as well as its educts may be elevated due to increased oxygen intake and excretion of pro-inflammatory mediators inducing host tissue damage via oxidative stress. This outweighs the potential benefits of physical activity on cognitive function.

 
  • References

  • 1 Baba K, Baba H, Noguchi I, Arai R, Suzuki T, Mimura M, Arai H. Executive dysfunction in remitted late-life depression: Juntendo University Mood Disorder Projects (JUMP). J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 22: 70-74
  • 2 Bach M, Nikolaus T, Oster P, Schlierf G. Diagnosis of depression in the elderly. The “Geriatric Depression Scale”. Z Gerontol Geriatr 1995; 28: 42-46
  • 3 Beal MF. Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 357-366
  • 4 Beckman KB, Ames BN. The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol Rev 1998; 78: 547-581
  • 5 Bloomer RJ, Schilling BK, Karlage RE, Ledoux MS, Pfeiffer RF, Callegari J. Effect of resistance training on blood oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 1385-1389
  • 6 Cahn-Weiner DA, Malloy PF, Boyle PA, Marran M, Salloway S. Prediction of functional status from neuropsychological tests in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Clin Neuropsychol 2000; 14: 187-195
  • 7 Dahlgren C, Karlsson A. Respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J Immunol Methods 1999; 232: 3-14
  • 8 Gillette Guyonnet S, Abellan Van Kan G, Andrieu S, Barberger Gateau P, Berr C, Bonnefoy M, Dartigues JF, de Groot L, Ferry M, Galan P, Hercberg S, Jeandel C, Morris MC, Nourhashemi F, Payette H, Poulain JP, Portet F, Roussel AM, Ritz P, Rolland Y, Vellas B. IANA task force on nutrition and cognitive decline with aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2007; 11: 132-152
  • 9 Grigsby J, Kaye K, Baxter J, Shetterly SM, Hamman RF. Executive cognitive abilities and functional status among community-dwelling older persons in the San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 590-596
  • 10 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Update – Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 819-821
  • 11 Haslacher H, Perkmann T, Gruenewald J, Exner M, Endler G, Scheichenberger V, Wagner O, Schillinger M. Plasma myeloperoxidase level and peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42: 463-469
  • 12 Hickie I, Scott E, Wilhelm K, Brodaty H. Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe depression – a longitudinal evaluation. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42: 367-374
  • 13 Isaac MG, Quinn R, Tabet N. Vitamin E for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; CD002854
  • 14 Johnson JK, Lui LY, Yaffe K. Executive function, more than global cognition, predicts functional decline and mortality in elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62: 1134-1141
  • 15 Klebanoff SJ. Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 77: 598-625
  • 16 Kurutas EB, Cetinkaya A, Bulbuloglu E, Kantarceken B. Effects of antioxidant therapy on leukocyte myeloperoxidase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and plasma malondialdehyde levels in experimental colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005: 390-394
  • 17 Lautenschlager NT, Cox KL, Flicker L, Foster JK, van Bockxmeer FM, Xiao J, Greenop KR, Almeida OP. Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008; 300: 1027-1037
  • 18 Mecocci P, Cherubini A, Senin U, Polidori MC. Physical activity and oxidative stress during aging. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21: 154-157
  • 19 Melanson SE, Green SM, Wood MJ, Neilan TG, Lewandrowski EL. Elevation of myeloperoxidase in conjunction with cardiac-specific markers after marathon running. Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 126: 888-893
  • 20 Morozov VI, Pryatkin SA, Kalinski MI, Rogozkin VA. Effect of exercise to exhaustion on myeloperoxidase and lysozyme release from blood neutrophils. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 89: 257-262
  • 21 Oswald W, Fleischmann U. Das Nürnberger-Alters-Inventar. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1997
  • 22 Park YS, Suzuki K, Mumby S, Taniguchi N, Gutteridge JMC. Antioxidant binding of caeruloplasmin to myeloperoxidase: Myeloperoxidase is inhibited, but oxidase, peroxidase and immunoreactive properties of caeruloplasmin remain intact. Free Radical Research 2000; 33: 261-265
  • 23 Petrella JR, Coleman RE, Doraiswamy PM. Neuroimaging and early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: a look to the future. Radiology 2003; 226: 315-336
  • 24 Pope SK, Kritchevsky SB, Ambrosone C, Yaffe K, Tylavsky F, Simonsick EM, Rosano C, Stewart S, Harris T. Myeloperoxidase polymorphism and cognitive decline in older adults in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163: 1084-1090
  • 25 Regard M, Strauss E, Knapp P. Children’s production on verbal and non-verbal fluency tasks. Percept Mot Skills 1982; 55: 839-844
  • 26 Reitan R. Trail Making Test (TMT). Tucson: Reitan Neuropsychology Laboratory; 1979
  • 27 Reynolds WF, Rhees J, Maciejewski D, Paladino T, Sieburg H, Maki RA, Masliah E. Myeloperoxidase polymorphism is associated with gender specific risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Neurol 1999; 155: 31-41
  • 28 Rosa EF, Takahashi S, Aboulafia J, Nouailhetas VL, Oliveira MG. Oxidative stress induced by intense and exhaustive exercise impairs murine cognitive function. J Neurophysiol 2007; 98: 1820-1826
  • 29 van der Veen BS, de Winther MP, Heeringa P. Myeloperoxidase: molecular mechanisms of action and their relevance to human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11: 2899-2937
  • 30 Wetle T. Living longer, aging better. Aging research comes of age. JAMA 1997; 278: 1376-1377
  • 31 Winker R, Lukas I, Perkmann T, Haslacher H, Ponocny E, Lehrner J, Tscholakoff D, Dal-Bianco P. Cognitive function in elderly marathon runners: cross-sectional data from the marathon trial (APSOEM). Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010; 122: 704-716
  • 32 Witztum JL. The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1994; 344: 793-795
  • 33 Yap YW, Whiteman M, Cheung NS. Chlorinative stress: an under appreciated mediator of neurodegeneration?. Cell Signal 2007; 19: 219-228