Metformin Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)-induced Renal Tubular Cell Injury by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Reducing Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) Expression

Y. Ishibashi; T. Matsui; M. Takeuchi; S. Yamagishi

doi:10.1055/s-0032-1321878

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

Horm Metab Res 2012; 44(12): 891-895
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321878

Original Basic

Metformin Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)-induced Renal Tubular Cell Injury by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Reducing Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) Expression

Y. Ishibashi

¹Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

,

T. Matsui

¹Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

,

M. Takeuchi

²Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan

,

S. Yamagishi

¹Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) play a role in tubulointerstitial damage in diabetic nephropathy. Recently, metformin has been shown to ameliorate tubular injury both in cell culture and diabetic animal model. However, effects of metformin on AGEs-induced tubular cell apoptosis and damage remain unknown. We examined here whether and how metformin could block the AGEs-RAGE-elicited tubular cell injury in vitro. Gene expression level was evaluated by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured with dihydroethidium staining. Apoptosis was evaluated by DNA fragmentation and annexin V expression level. AGEs upregulated RAGE mRNA levels and subsequently increased ROS generation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transforming growth factor-β gene expression in human renal proximal tubular cells, all of which were significantly blocked by the treatment of 0.01 and 0.1 mM metformin. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase significantly blocked the effects of metformin on RAGE gene expression and ROS generation in AGEs-exposed tubular cells. Furthermore, metformin dose-dependently inhibited the AGEs-induced apoptotic cell death of tubular cells; 1 mM metformin completely suppressed the pro-apoptotic effects of AGEs in 2 different assay systems. Our present study suggests that metformin could inhibit the AGEs-induced apoptosis and inflammatory and fibrotic reactions in tubular cells probably by reducing ROS generation via suppression of RAGE expression through AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Metformin may protect against tubular cell injury in diabetic nephropathy by blocking the AGEs-RAGE-ROS axis.

Key words

AGEs - RAGE - metformin - diabetic nephropathy - ROS

Full Text

References

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