Was muss der (Viszeral-)Chirurg von experimenteller Medizin wissen (?) – translationale Forschung in der (Viszeral-)Chirurgie^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Die experimentelle (Innere) Medizin hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten große Veränderungen erfahren. Insbesondere die Einführung molekularer Methoden und Techniken, In-vitro-Modelle, „knock-out“-/transgene Tiere und eine hocheffiziente Analytik biologischer Proben haben zu einem besseren Verständnis der Pathogenese geführt. Neben dem Erkenntnisgewinn haben die Ergebnisse teilweise auch Eingang in den klinischen Alltag gefunden. Beispiele sind hierfür die Analyse von molekularen Biomarkern für die Diagnose und das therapiebegleitende „Monitoring“ sowie die Etablierung zielgerichteter Therapien („targeted therapies“) in der Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen und chronischen Entzündungen. Der hohe Grad der Spezialisierung in den einzelnen Fachdisziplinen sowohl in der Medizin als auch in der Biologie erfordert heute eine Vernetzung und Kooperation von Spezialisten, ohne die die effiziente Bearbeitung translationaler Themen in der Medizin gegenwärtig und in Zukunft unmöglich ist. Der nachfolgende Beitrag soll dem angehenden Arzt, insbesondere Viszeralchirurgen, Denkansätze und Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, die für eine fachübergreifende Kooperation in klinisch-translationalen Projekten bedeutsam sind.

Abstract

Experimental medicine has evolved tremendously in the last few years. In particular, the introduction of novel techniques, in-vitro models, knock-out/transgenic animals and high-through put analytical methodologies have resulted in a deeper understanding of cellular pathophysiology and diseases. The daily clinical management has benefited by the introduction of biomarkers and targeted therapies. This development has been accompanied by increasing specialisation across all fields of research and medicine. Therefore, clinical-translational research requires a team of competent partners nowadays. The visceral surgeon can contribute significantly to these projects. The present review highlights several aspects of translational research and put chances and potential pitfalls into perspective in context with the work of the visceral surgeon.

Schlüsselwörter

translationale Forschung - gastrointestinale Entzündungsreaktion - intrazelluläres „Signaling“ - Krebsgenetik

Key words

translational research - gastrointestinal inflammatory response - intracellular signaling - cancer genetics

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