Diagnostik und Therapie fetaler Rhythmusstörungen Teil 1 – Methoden der Rhythmusdiagnostik, Extrasystolen und Bradyarrhythmien

Lernziele

• Methoden der Rhythmusdiagnostik

• Intrauterine Diagnose der Extrasystolen

• Intrauterine Diagnose der Bradyarrhythmien

• Literatur

• 1 Copel JA, Liang RI, Demasio K et al. The clinical significance of the irregular fetal heart rhythm. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 813-817 ; discussion 817-819
• 2 Api O, Carvalho JS. Fetal dysrhythmias. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 22: 31-48
• 3 Clifford G, Sameni R, Ward J et al. Clinically accurate fetal ECG parameters acquired from maternal abdominal sensors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205: 47.e1-47.e5
• 4 Zhao H, Cuneo BF, Strasburger JF et al. Electrophysiological characteristics of fetal atrioventricular block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 77-84
• 5 Grimm B, Haueisen J, Huotilainen M et al. Recommended standards for fetal magnetocardiography. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003; 26: 2121-2126
• 6 Berg C, Geipel A, Gembruch U. Spectral Doppler imaging of the renal vessels facilitates the assessment of fetal arrhythmias. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33: 367-368
• 7 Tutschek B, Schmidt KG. Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography for the analysis of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38: 406-412
• 8 Fouron JC. Fetal arrhythmias: the Saint-Justine hospital experience. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24: 1068-1080
• 9 Simpson JM, Yates RW, Sharland GK. Irregular heart rate in the fetus – not always benign. Cardiol Young. Cambridge University Press; 2008 6 (01). 28-31
• 10 Ludwig AK, Chase K, Axt-Fliedner R et al. Follow-up of children with prenatal diagnosis of supraventricular extrasystole. Ultraschall in Med 2009; 30: 564-570
• 11 Southall DP, Richards J, Hardwick RA et al. Prospective study of fetal heart rate and rhythm patterns. Arch Dis Child 1980; 55: 506-511
• 12 Beinder E, Grancay T, Menéndez T et al. Fetal sinus bradycardia and the long QT syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 743-747
• 13 Simpson JM, Maxwell D, Rosenthal E et al. Fetal ventricular tachycardia secondary to long QT syndrome treated with maternal intravenous magnesium: case report and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34: 475-480
• 14 Nii M, Hamilton RM, Fenwick L et al. Assessment of fetal atrioventricular time intervals by tissue Doppler and pulse Doppler echocardiography: normal values and correlation with fetal electrocardiography. Heart 2006; 92: 1831-1837
• 15 Michaëlsson M, Engle MA. Congenital complete heart block: an international study of the natural history. Cardiovasc Clin 1972; 4: 85-101
• 16 Berg C, Geipel A, Kohl T et al. Atrioventricular block detected in fetal life: associated anomalies and potential prognostic markers. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 26: 4-15
• 17 Salomonsson S, Dörner T, Theander E et al. A serologic marker for fetal risk of congenital heart block. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 1233-1241
• 18 Bergman G, Eliasson H, Bremme K et al. Anti-Ro52/SSA antibody-exposed fetuses with prolonged atrioventricular time intervals show signs of decreased cardiac performance. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34: 543-549
• 19 Brucato A, Frassi M, Franceschini F et al. Risk of congenital complete heart block in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a prospective study of 100 women. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 1832-1835
• 20 Buyon JP, Waltuck J, Kleinman C et al. In utero identification and therapy of congenital heart block. Lupus 1995; 4: 116-121
• 21 Bergman G, Wahren-Herlenius M, Sonesson SE. Diagnostic precision of Doppler flow echocardiography in fetuses at risk for atrioventricular block. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36: 561-566
• 22 Jaeggi ET, Silverman ED, Laskin C et al. Prolongation of the atrioventricular conduction in fetuses exposed to maternal anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies did not predict progressive heart block. A prospective observational study on the effects of maternal antibodies on 165 fetuses. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1487-1492
• 23 Friedman DM, Llanos C, Izmirly PM et al. Evaluation of fetuses in a study of intravenous immunoglobulin as preventive therapy for congenital heart block: Results of a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 1138-1146
• 24 Friedman DM, Kim MY, Copel JA et al. Prospective evaluation of fetuses with autoimmune-associated congenital heart block followed in the PR Interval and Dexamethasone Evaluation (PRIDE) Study. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 1102-1106
• 25 Eliasson H, Sonesson SE, Sharland G et al. Isolated atrioventricular block in the fetus: a retrospective, multinational, multicenter study of 175 patients. Circulation 2011; 124: 1919-1926
• 26 Ho SY, Fagg N, Anderson RH et al. Disposition of the atrioventricular conduction tissues in the heart with isomerism of the atrial appendages: its relation to congenital complete heart block. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 904-910
• 27 Berg C, Kaiser C, Bender F et al. Atrioventricular septal defect in the fetus – associated conditions and outcome in 246 cases. Ultraschall in Med 2009; 30: 25-32
• 28 Berg C, Geipel A, Kamil D et al. The syndrome of left isomerism – Sonographic findings and outcome in prenatally diagnosed cases. J Ultras Med 2005; 24: 921-931
• 29 Murphy KE, Hannah ME, Willan AR et al. Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth (MACS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 2143-2151
• 30 Hutter D, Silverman ED, Jaeggi ET. The benefits of transplacental treatment of isolated congenital complete heart block associated with maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies: a review. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72: 235-241
• 31 Pisoni CN, Brucato A, Ruffatti A et al. Failure of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent congenital heart block: Findings of a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 1147-1152