Evoked potentials in pediatrics: options and limits

Aims: In pediatrics auditory evoked potentials (AEP), visual evoked potentials (VEP), or somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) are most often used in clinical practice. We demonstrate options and limits in clinical application.

Methods: We critically evaluate clinical application of evoked potentials in pediatrics and review the literature.

Results: AEPs are a reasonable method in evaluating hearing in context of screening for hearing disorder and for evaluating brain stem function. VEPs are performed for evaluating visual function and for diagnosis of demyelinating diseases. SEPs allow evaluation of the functional integrity of the somatosensory system from the peripheral nerve to the cerebral cortex and are helpful in determination of prognosis in coma and asphyxia. Age-dependent normative values have to be used and maturational processes have to be considered.

Conclusion: Evoked potentials in pediatrics are a reasonable diagnostic tool if there is a clear clinical indication. Interpretation must be done in the clinical context. Age-dependent normative values have to be considered.