Interdisciplinary S2k Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of
                    Endometriosis

U. Ulrich; O. Buchweitz; R. Greb; J. Keckstein; I. von Leffern; P. Oppelt; S. P. Renner; M. Sillem; W. Stummvoll; K.-W. Schweppe

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1350810

GebFra - DGGG-Gesellschaftsausgaben, Table of Contents

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2013; 73(9): 890-898
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350810

Guideline

GebFra Science

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Interdisciplinary S2k Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis

Short Version – AWMF Registry No. 015–045, August 2013Interdisziplinäre S2k-Leitlinie für die Diagnostik und Therapie der EndometrioseKurzversion – AWMF-Register-Nummer: 015-045, August 2013

U. Ulrich

¹Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Berlin

,

O. Buchweitz

²Tagesklinik Altonaer Straße, Hamburg

,

R. Greb

³Kinderwunschzentrum Dortmund, Dortmund

,

J. Keckstein

⁴Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Landeskrankenhaus, Villach

,

I. von Leffern

⁵Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Hamburg

,

P. Oppelt

⁶Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Landesfrauen- und Kinderklinik, Linz

,

S. P. Renner

⁷Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen

,

M. Sillem

⁸Praxisklinik am Rosengarten, Mannheim

,

W. Stummvoll †

⁹vormals Abteilung für Gynäkologie, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Linz

,

K.-W. Schweppe , for the Task Force Group “Endometriosis Guidelines” of the German and Austrian Societies for Obstetrics and Gynecology

¹⁰Endometriosezentrum Ammerland, Westerstede

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Full Text

References

References
1 Abbott J, Hawe J, Hunter D et al. Laparoscopic excision of endometriosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 878-884
2 Abou-Setta AM, Houston B, Al-Inany HG et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) for symptomatic endometriosis following surgery. Editorial Group: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; (1)
3 Abrao MS, Goncalves MO, Dias Jr. JA et al. Comparison between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2007; 22: 3092-3097
4 ACOG Committee Opinion. Endometriosis in adolescents. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105: 921-927
5 ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins – Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin. Medical management of endometriosis. No. 11, December 1999. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2000; 71: 183-196
6 Adamson GD, Pasta DJ. Endometriosis fertility index: the new, validated endometriosis staging system. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 1609-1615
7 Alborzi S, Momtahan M, Parsanezhad ME et al. A prospective, randomized study comparing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus fenestration and coagulation in patients with endometriomas. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 1633-1637
8 Alborzi S, Hamedi B, Omidvar A et al. A comparison of the effect of short-term aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) and GnRH agonist (triptorelin) versus case control on pregnancy rate and symptom and sign recurrence after laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 284: 105-110
9 Albrecht H. Die Endometriose. In: Seitz L, Amreich AI, Hrsg. Biologie und Pathologie des Weibes. Bd. IV. Berlin, Innsbruck, München, Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1955: 190-288
10 Allen C, Hopewell S, Prentice A et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (15) CD004753
11 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 817-822
12 Aris A. Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: A ten-year cohort study of women living in the Estrie Region of Quebec, Canada. J Ovarian Res 2010; 3: 2
13 Armengol-Debeir L, Savoye G, Leroi AM et al. Pathophysiological approach to bowel dysfunction after segmental colorectal resection for deep endometriosis infiltrating the rectum: a preliminary study. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 2330-2335
14 Asher-Walsh CJ, Tu JL, Du Y et al. Location of adenomyosis in total hysterectomy specimens. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003; 10: 360-362
15 Ballester M, Chereau E, Dubernard G et al. Urinary dysfunction after colorectal resection for endometriosis: results of a prospective randomized trial comparing laparoscopy to open surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204: 303.e1-303.e6
16 Barnhart K, Dunsmoor-Su R, Coutifaris C. Effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 1148-1155
17 Bassi MA, Podgaec S, Dias Jr. JA et al. Quality of life after segmental resection of the rectosigmoid by laparoscopy in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis with bowel involvement. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18: 730-733
18 Bazot M, Lafont C, Rouzier R et al. Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, transvaginal sonography, rectal endoscopic sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1825-1833
19 Bektaş H, Bilsel Y, Sari YS et al. Abdominal wall endometrioma; a 10-year experience and brief review of the literature. J Surg Res 2010; 164: e77-e81
20 Benaglia L, Somigliana E, Vercellini P et al. The impact of IVF procedures on endometriosis recurrence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 148: 49-52
21 Benaglia L, Somigliana E, Santi G et al. IVF and endometriosis-related symptom progression: insights from a prospective study. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 2368-2372
22 Benschop L, Farquhar C, van der Poel N et al. Interventions for women with endometrioma prior to assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (11) CD008571
23 Bianchi PHM, Pereira RMA, Zanatta A et al. Extensive excision of deep infiltrative endometriosis before in vitro fertilization significantly improves pregnancy rates. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009; 16: 174-180
24 Boileau L, Borie F, Laporte S et al. Pelviperitonitis by colorectal perforation in the third trimester of pregnancy after surgery for deep pelvic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2011; 96: e42-e44
25 Borgfeldt C, Andolf E. Cancer risk after hospital discharge diagnosis of benign ovarian cyst and endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004; 83: 395-400
26 Bratby MJ, Walker WJ. Uterine artery embolisation for symptomatic adenomyosis: mid-term results. Eur J Radiol 2009; 70: 128-132
27 Brinton LA, Gridley G, Persson I et al. Cancer risk after a hospital discharge diagnosis of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 572-579
28 Brooks JJ, Wheeler JE. Malignancy arising in extragonadal endometriosis. Cancer 1977; 40: 3065-3073
29 Brown J, Pan A, Hart RJ. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (2) CD008475
30 Brown J, Kives S, Akhtar M. Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (3) CD002122
31 Bryant CL, Lunniss PJ, Knowles CH et al. Anterior resection syndrome. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: e403-e408
32 Busacca M, Fedele L, Bianchi S et al. Surgical treatment of recurrent endometriosis: laparotomy versus laparoscopy. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 2271-2274
33 Busacca M, Somigliana E, Bianchi S et al. Post-operative GnRH analogue treatment after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis stage III–IV: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2399-2402
34 Busacca M, Vignali M. Endometrium excision and ovarian reserve: a dangerous relation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009; 16: 142-148
35 Butrick CW. Chronic pelvic pain: how many surgeries are enough?. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 50: 412-414
36 Camagna O, Dhainaut C, Dupuis O et al. Chirurgisches Vorgehen bei Endometriose des Septum rectovaginale in einer konsekutiven Serie von 50 Fällen [auf Französisch]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2004; 32: 199-209
37 Ceccaroni M, Clarizia R, Bruni F et al. Nerve-sparing laparoscopic eradication of deep endometriosis with segmental rectal and parametrial resection: the Negrar method. A single-center, prospective, clinical trial. Surg Endosc 2012; 26: 2029-2045
38 Champaneria R, Abedin P, Daniels J et al. Ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of adenomyosis: systematic review comparing test accuracy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89: 1374-1384
39 Chapron C, Fritel X, Dubuisson JB. Fertility after laparoscopic management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 329-332
40 Chapron C, Santulli P, de Ziegler D et al. Ovarian endometrioma: severe pelvic pain is associated with deeply infiltrating endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 702-711
41 Chen ZH, Chen M, Tsai HD et al. Intrapartum uterine rupture associated with a scarred cervix because of a previous rupture of cystic cervical endometriosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 50: 95-97
42 Chopin N, Vieira M, Borghese B et al. Operative management of deeply infiltrating endometriosis: Results on pelvic pain symptoms according to a surgical classification. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005; 12: 106-112
43 Coccia ME, Rizzello F, Mariani G et al. Ovarian surgery for bilateral endometriomas influences age at menopause. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 3000-3007
44 Cosson M, Querleu D, Donnez J. Dienogest is as effective as triptorelin in the treatment of endometriosis after laparoscopic surgery: results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 684-692
45 Daraï E, Thomassin I, Barranger E et al. Feasibility and clinical outcome of laparoscopic colorectal resection for endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192: 394-400
46 Daraï E, Lesieur B, Dubernard G et al. Fertility after colorectal resection for endometriosis: results of a prospective study comparing laparoscopy with open surgery. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1903-1908
47 Davis L, Kenney SS, Moore J et al. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (18) CD001019
48 Deaton JL, Gibson M, Blackmer KM et al. A randomized, controlled trial of clomiphene citrate and intrauterine insemination in couples with unexplained infertility or surgically corrected endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1990; 54: 1083-1088
49 De Cicco C, Corona R, Schonman R et al. Bowel resection for deep endometriosis: a systematic review. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 118: 285-291
50 Deguara CS, Pepas L, Davis C. Does minimally invasive surgery for endometriosis improve pelvic symptoms and quality of life?. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2012; 24: 241-244
51 Decker D, König J, Wardelmann E et al. Terminal ileitis with sealed perforation – a rare complication of intestinal endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2004; 270: 230-234
52 DʼHooghe TM, Denys B, Spiessens C et al. Is the endometriosis recurrence rate increased after ovarian hyperstimulation?. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 283-290
53 Donnez J, Nisolle M, Gillet N et al. Large ovarian endometriomas. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 641-646
54 Donnez J, Jadoul P, Colette S et al. Deep rectovaginal endometriotic nodules: perioperative complications from a series of 3,298 patients operated on by the shaving technique. Gynecol Surg 2013; 10: 31-40
55 Douay-Hauser N, Yazbeck C, Walker F et al. Infertile women with deep and intraperitoneal endometriosis: comparison of fertility outcome according to the extent of surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18: 622-628
56 Ebert AD, Ulrich U, Keckstein J et al. Implementation of certified endometriosis centers: 5-year experience in German-speaking Europe. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2013; 76: 4-9
57 Elizur SE, Chian RC, Holzer HE et al. Cryopreservation of oocytes in a young woman with severe and symptomatic endometriosis: a new indication for fertility preservation. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 293.e1-293.e3
58 Fedele L, Bianchi S, Raffaelli R et al. Treatment of adenomyosis-associated menorrhagia with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. Fertil Steril 1997; 68: 426-429
59 Fedele L, Bianchi S, Zanconato G et al. Use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 485-488
60 Flower A, Liu JP, Lewith G et al. Chinese herbal medicine for endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (5) CD006568
61 Ford J, English J, Miles WA et al. Pain, quality of life and complications following the radical resection of rectovaginal endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 111: 353-356
62 Francica G. Reliable clinical and sonographic findings in the diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis near cesarean section scar. World J Radiol 2012; 4: 135-140
63 Fukunishi H, Funaki K, Yamaguchi K et al. Early results of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery of adenomyosis: analysis of 20 cases. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008; 15: 571-579
64 Furness S, Yap C, Farquhar C et al. Pre and post-operative medical therapy for endometriosis surgery. Cochrane 2011; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003678.pub2/abstract
65 Garcia L, Isaacson K. Adenomyosis: review of the literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18: 428-437
66 Garrido N, Navarro J, Garcia Velasco J. The endometrium versus embryonic quality in endometriosis-related infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8: 95-103
67 Garry R. The effectiveness of laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2004; 16: 299-303
68 Giudice LC, Kao LC. Endometriosis. Lancet 2004; 364: 1789-1799
69 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dellʼ Endometriosi. Relationship between stage, site and morphological characteristics of pelvic endometriosis and pain. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2668-2671
70 Gustofson RL, Kim N, Liu S et al. Endometriosis and the appendix: a case series and comprehensive review of the literature. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 298-303
71 Guzick DS, Silliman NP, Adamson GD et al. Prediction of pregnancy in infertile women based on the American Society for Reproductive Medicineʼs revised classification of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 822-829
72 Guzick DS, Huang LS, Broadman BA et al. Randomized trial of leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1568-1573
73 Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y et al. Dienogest is as effective as intranasal buserelin acetate for the relief of pain symptoms associated with endometriosis – a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 675-681
74 Harrison RF, Barry-Kinsella C. Efficacy of medroxyprogesterone treatment in infertile women with endometriosis: a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 24-30
75 Hart RJ, Hickey M, Maouris P et al. Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; (2) CD004992
76 Haas D, Chvatal R, Habelsberger A et al. Comparison of revised American Fertility Society and ENZIAN staging: a critical evaluation of classifications of endometriosis on the basis of our patient population. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1574-1578
77 Haas D, Chvatal R, Reichert B et al. Endometriosis – a premenopausal disease? Age pattern in 42,079 patients wirh endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286: 667-670
78 Haas D, Chvatal R, Habelsberger A et al. Preoperative planning of surgery for deeply infiltrating endometriosis using the ENZIAN classification. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; a 166: 99-103
79 Haas D, Shebl O, Shamiyeh A et al. The rASRM score and the Enzian classification for endometriosis: their strengths and weaknesses. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan 2013; b 92: 3-7
80 Healey M, Ang WC, Cheng C. Surgical treatment of endometriosis: a prospective randomized double-blinded trial comparing excision and ablation. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 2536-2540
81 Heaps JM, Nieberg RK, Berek JS. Malignant neoplasms arising in endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 1023-1028
82 Hornstein MD, Yuzpe AA, Burry KA et al. Prospective randomized double-blind trial of 3 versus 6 months of nafarelin therapy for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 1995; 63: 955-962
83 Howard FM. An evidence-based medicine approach to the treatment of endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain: placebo-controlled studies. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2000; 7: 477-488
84 http://www.eshre.eu/ESHRE/English/Specialty-Groups/SIG/Endometriosis-Endometrium/Guidelines/page.aspx/244
85 http://www.awmf.de
86 Hudelist G, Tuttlies F, Rauter G et al. Can transvaginal sonography predict infiltration depth in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum?. Hum Reprod 2009; a 24: 1012-1017
87 Hudelist G, Oberwinkler KH, Singer CF et al. Combination of tansvaginal sonography and clinical examination for preoperative diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2009; b 24: 1018-1024
88 Hudelist G, Keckstein J. Die Wertigkeit der Vaginalsonographie in der präoperativen Diagnostik der Adenomyose und tief infiltrierenden Endometriose. praxis 2009; 98: 603-607
89 Hudelist G, English J, Thomas AE et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for non-invasive diagnosis of bowel endometriosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 37: 257-263
90 Hudelist G, Fritzer N, Thomas A et al. Diagnostic delay for endometriosis in Austria and Germany: causes and possible consequences. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 3412-3416
91 Hughes E, Fedorkow D, Collins J et al. Ovulation suppression for endometriosis. Cochrane Syst Rev. Cochrane Library, Issue 1. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2005
92 Jacobson TZ, Duffy JMN, Barlow D et al. Laparoscopic surgery for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Editorial Group: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (4)
93 Jacobson TZ, Duffy JMN, Barlow D et al. Laparoscopic surgery for subfertility associated with endometriosis. Editorial Group: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (1)
94 Jansen RP, Russel P. Nonpigmented endometriosis: clinical, laparoscopic, and pathological definition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 1154-1159
95 Jia SZ, Leng JH, Shi JH et al. Health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis: a systematic review. J Ovarian Res 2012; 5: 29
96 Kavallaris A, Mebes I, Evagyelinos D et al. Follow-up of dysfunctional bladder and rectum after surgery of a deep infiltrating rectovaginal endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 283: 1021-1026
97 Keckstein J, Ulrich U, Kandolf O et al. Die laparoskopische Therapie der Darmendometriose und der Stellenwert der medikamentösen Therapie. Zentralbl Gynäkol 2003; 125: 259-266
98 Keckstein J, Ulrich U. Endokrine und operative Therapie der Adenomyose. Gynäkol Endokrinol 2004; 2: 11-18
99 Kennedy S, Bergqvist A, Chapron C et al. on behalf of the ESHRE Special Interest Group for Endometriosis and Endometrium Guideline Development Group. ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2698-2704
100 Kishi Y, Suginami H, Kuramori R et al. Four subtypes of adenomyosis assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and their specification. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207: 114.e1-114.e7
101 Kissler S, Hamscho N, Zangos S et al. Uterotubal transport disorder in adenomyosis and endometriosis – a cause for infertility. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 113: 902-908
102 Kitawaki J, Kusuki I, Yamanaka K et al. Maintenance therapy with dienogest following gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for endometriosis-associated pain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 157: 212-216
103 Krüger K, Behrendt K, Niedobitek-Kreuter G et al. Location-dependent value of pelvic MRI in the preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; DOI: pii :S0301–2115(13)00093–6
104 Kobayashi H, Sumimoto K, Kitanaka T et al. Ovarian endometrioma – risks factors of ovarian cancer development. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 138: 187-203
105 Kodama H, Fukuda J, Karube H et al. Benefit of in vitro fertilization treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril 1996; 66: 974-979
106 Kondo W, Bourdel N, Tamburro S et al. Complications after surgery for deeply infiltrating pelvic endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 118: 292-298
107 Krüger K, Behrendt K, Balzer M et al. Relevance of MRI for endometriosis diagnosis. Röfo 2011; 183: 423-431
108 Kupfer M, Schwimmer S, Lebonic J. Transvaginal sonographic appearance of endometrioma: Spectrum of findings. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11: 129-133
109 Lea R, Bancroft K, Whorwell PJ. Irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and endometriosis: a comparison of symptomatology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16: 1269-1272
110 Lenhard M, Stieber P, Hertlein L et al. The diagnostic accuracy of two human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) testing systems in combination with CA125 in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49: 2081-2088
111 Leyendecker G, Kunz G, Noe M et al. Endometriosis: a dysfunction and disease of the archimetra. Hum Reprod Update 1998; 4: 752-762
112 Leyendecker G, Wildt L, Mall G. The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis: tissue injury and repair. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 280: 529-538
113 Littman E, Giudice L, Lathi R et al. Role of laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis in patients with failed in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 1574-1578
114 Lovrincevic M. Chronic pelvic pain in women of childbearing age. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2003; 16: 275-280
115 Lusuardi L, Hager M, Sieberer M et al. Laparoscopic treatment of intrinsic endometriosis of the urinary tract and proposal of a treatment scheme for ureteral endometriosis. Urology 2012; 80: 1033-1038
116 Mabrouk M, Ferrini G, Montanari G et al. Does colorectal endometriosis alter intestinal functions? A prospective manometric and questionnaire-based study. Fertil Steril 2012; 97: 652-656
117 Marcoux S, Maheux R, Bérubé S. Laparoscopic surgery in infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis. Canadian Collaborative Group on Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 217-222
118 Matalliotakis I, Mahutte NG, Koukoura O et al. Endometriosis-associated stage IA clear cell ovarian carcinoma in a woman with IVF-ET treatments in the Yale series. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 274: 184-186
119 McDermott S, Oei TN, Iyer VR et al. MR imaging of malignancies arising in endometriomas and extraovarian endometriosis. Radiographics 2012; 32: 845-863
120 Melin A, Sparen P, Bergqvist A. The risk of cancer and the role of parity among women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2007; 22: 3021-3026
121 Meredith SM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Kaunitz AM. Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography for the diagnosis of adenomyosis: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201: 107.e1-107.e6
122 Meuleman C, Tomassetti C, DʼHoore A et al. Surgical treatment of deeply infiltrating endometriosis with colorectal involvement. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17: 311-326
123 Meuleman C, Tomassetti C, DʼHooghe TM. Clinical outcome after laparoscopic radical excision of endometriosis and laparoscopic segmental bowel resection. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2012; 24: 245-252
124 Meyer R. Über den Stand der Frage der Adenomyositis, Adenomyome im allgemeinen und insbesondere über Adenomyositis seroepithelialis und Adenomyometritis sarcomatosa. Zentralbl Gynäkol 1919; 36: 745-750
125 Minelli L, Fanfani F, Fagotti A et al. Laparoscopic colorectal resection for bowel endometriosis: feasibility, complications, and clinical outcome. Arch Surg 2009; 144: 234-239
126 Modugno F, Ness RB, Allen GO et al. Oral contraceptive use, reproductive history, and risk of epithepial ovarian cancer in women with and without endometriosis. Am J Obset Gynecol 2004; 191: 733-740
127 Moini A, Riazi K, Amid V et al. Endometriosis may contribute to oocyte retrieval-induced pelvic inflammatory disease: report of eight cases. J Assist Reprod Genet 2005; 22: 307-309
128 Mol BW, Bayram N, Lijmer JG et al. The performance of CA-125 measurement in the detection of endometriosis: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 1101-1108
129 Moore J, Copley S, Morris J et al. A systematic review of the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 630-634
130 Morita M, Asakawa Y, Nakakuma M et al. Laparoscopic excision of myometrial adenomyomas in patients with adenomyosis uteri and main symptoms of severe dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004; 11: 86-89
131 Muzii L, Marana R, Caruana P et al. The impact of preoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment on laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriotic cysts. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 1235-1237
132 Muzii L, Maneschi F, Marana R et al. Oral estroprogestins after laparoscopic surgery to excise endometriomas: continuous or cyclic administration? Results of a multicenter randomized study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18: 173-178
133 Nagle CM, Olsen CM, Webb PM et al. Australian Cancer Study Group; Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group. Endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancers: a comparative analysis of risk factors. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44: 2477-2484
134 Nezhat C, Seidman DS, Nezhat F et al. Laparoscopic surgical management of diaphragmatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 1048-1055
135 Nisolle M, Casanas-Roux BS, Anaf V et al. Morphometric study of the stromal vascularization in peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1993; 59: 681-684
136 Olson JE, Cerhan JR, Janney CA et al. Postmenopausal cancer risk after self-reported endometriosis diagnosis in the Iowa Womenʼs Health Study. Cancer 2002; 94: 1612-1618
137 Opøien HK, Fedorcsak P, Byholm T et al. Complete surgical removal of minimal and mild endometriosis improves outcome of subsequent IVF/ICSI treatment. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23: 389-395
138 Opøien HK, Fedorcsak P, Omland AK et al. In vitro fertilization is a successful treatment in endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril 2012; 97: 912-918
139 Osada H, Silber S, Kakinuma T et al. Surgical procedure to conserve the uterus for future pregnancy in patients suffering from massive adenomyosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22: 94-99
140 Ozaki T, Takahashi K, Okada M. Live birth after conservative surgery for severe adenomyosis following magnetic resonance imaging and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy. Int J Fertil Womens Med 1999; 44: 260-264
141 Ozel L, Sagiroglu J, Unal A et al. Abdominal wall endometriosis in the cesarean section surgical scar: a potential diagnostic pitfall. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38: 526-530
142 Pagidas K, Falcone T, Hemmings R et al. Comparison of reoperation for moderate (stage III) and severe (stage IV) endometriosis-related infertility with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 791-795
143 Parazzini F. Ablation of lesions or no treatment in minimal-mild endometriosis in infertile women: a randomized trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dellʼEndometriosi. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 1332-1334
144 Payá V, Hidalgo-Mora JJ, Diaz-Garcia C et al. Surgical treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis with rectal involvement. Gynecol Surg 2011; 8: 269-277
145 Pearce CL, Templeman C, Rossing MA et al. on behalf of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Association between endometriosis and risk of histological subtypes of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of case–control studies. Lancet 2012; 13: 385-394
146 Pepas L, Deguara C, Davis C. Update on the surgical management of adenomyosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2012; 24: 259-264
147 Pereira RMA, Zanatta A, Preti CDL et al. Should the gynecologist perform laparoscopic bowel resection to treat endometriosis? Results over 7 years in 168 patients. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009; 16: 472-479
148 Petraglia F, Hornung D, Seitz C et al. Reduced pelvic pain in women with endometriosis: efficacy of long-term dienogest treatment. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285: 167-173
149 Pisanu A, Deplano D, Angioni S et al. Rectal perforation from endometriosis in pregnancy: case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 648-651
150 Possover M, Diebolder H, Plaul K et al. Laparoscopically-assisted vaginal resection of rectovaginal endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96: 304-307
151 Possover M. Laparoscopic management of neural pelvic pain in women secondary to pelvic surgery. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 2720-2725
152 Redwine DB. Diaphragmatic endometriosis: diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term results of treatment. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 288-296
153 Renner SP, Rix S, Boosz A et al. Preoperative pain and recurrence risk in patients with peritoneal endometriosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 28: 1-6
154 Revidierte ENZIAN Klassification. 10. Weissenseetreffen der Stiftung Endometriose Forschung. Weissensee, Kärnten, 25.-27. Februar 2011.
155 Rickes D, Nickel I, Kropf S et al. Increased pregnancy rates after ultralong postoperative therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 757-762
156 Rozsnyai F, Roman H, Resch B et al. CIRENDO Study Group. Outcomes of surgical management of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the ureter and urinary bladder. JSLS 2011; 15: 439-447
157 Roman H, Rozsnayi F, Puscasiou L et al. Complications associated with two laparoscopic procedures used in the management of rectal endometriosis. J Soc Laparoendosc Surg 2010; 14: 169-177
158 Roman H, Ness J, Suciu N et al. Are digestive symptoms in women presenting with pelvic endometriosis specific to lesion localizations? A preliminary prospective study. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 3440-3449
159 Saleh A, Tulandi T. Reoperation after laparoscopic treatment of endometriomas by excision and fenestration. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 322-324
160 Sallam H, Garcia-Velasco J, Dias S et al. Long-term pituitary down-regulation before in vitro fertilization (IVF) for women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; (2) CD004635
161 Sampson JA. Peritoneal endometriosis due to menstrual dissemination of the endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1927; a 14: 422
162 Sampson JA. Metastatic or embolic endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation. Am J Pathol 1927; b 3: 93-109
163 Sarmini R, Lefholz K, Froeschke H. A comparison of laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy outcomes. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005; 12: 121-124
164 Schuster MW, Wheeler 2nd TL, Richter HE. Endometriosis after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with uterine morcellation: a case control study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012; 19: 183-187
165 Schweppe KW. Endometriose – Eine Erkrankung ohne Lobby. Zentralbl Gynäkol 2003; 125: 233
166 Seracchioli R, Mabrouk M, Frascà C et al. Long-term cyclic and continuous oral contraceptive therapy and endometrioma recurrence: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 93: 52-56
167 Sesti F, Capozzolo T, Pietropolli A, Marziali M, Marziali M, Bollea MR, Piccione E. Recurrence rate of endometrioma after laparoscopic cystectomy: a comparative randomized trial between post-operative hormonal suppression treatment or dietary therapy vs. Placebo. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 147: 72-77
168 Shakiba K, Bena JF, McGill KM et al. Surgical treatment of endometriosis: a 7-year follow-up on the requirement for further surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 1285-1292
169 Shaw RW. An Atlas of Endometriosis. Carnforth-Pearl River: Parthenon Publishing Group; 1993
170 Siedentopf F , Hrsg. Chronischer Unterbauchschmerz der Frau. Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe. Berlin: Verlag S. Kramarz; 2009
171 Sillem M, Teichmann AT. Patientinnenzentrierte Aspekte der Endometriose. Gynäkologe 2003; 36: 41-52
172 Soliman NF, Hillard TC. Hormone replacement therapy in women with past history of endometriosis. Climacteric 2006; 9: 325-335
173 Somigliana E, Arnoldi M, Benaglia L et al. IVF-ICSI outcome in women operated on for bilateral endometriomas. Hum Reprod 2008; 23: 1526-1530
174 Soriano D, Schonman R, Nadu A et al. Multidisciplinary team approach to management of severe endometriosis affecting the ureter: long-term outcome data and treatment algorithm. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18: 483-488
175 Steege JF. Basic Philosophy of the integrated Approach: overcoming the Mind-Body-Split. In: Steege JF, Metzger DA, Levy BS, eds. Chronic pelvic Pain: an integrated Approach. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998: 5-12
176 Stepniewska A, Pomini P, Bruni F et al. Laparoscopic treatment of bowel endometriosis in infertile women. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 1619-1625
177 Strowitzki T, Marr J, Gerlinger C et al. Dienogest is as effective as leuprolide acetate in treating the painful symptoms of endometriosis: a 24-week, randomized, multicentre, open-label trial. Hum Reprod 2010; 25: 633-641
178 Swiersz LM. Role of endometriosis in cancer and tumor development. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 995: 281-292
179 Takamura M, Koga K, Osuga Y et al. Post-operative oral contraceptive use reduces the risk of ovarian endometrioma recurrence after laparoscopic excision. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 3042-3048
180 Tietjen GE, Bushnell CD, Herial NA et al. Endometriosis is associated with prevalence of comorbid conditions in migraine. Headache 2007; 47: 1069-1078
181 Tsoumpou I, Kyrgiou M, Gelbaya TA et al. The effect of surgical treatment for endometrioma on in vitro fertilization outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 75-87
182 Tummon IS, Asher LJ, Martin JS et al. Randomized controlled trial of superovulation and insemination for infertility associated with minimal or mild endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997; 68: 8-12
183 Tuttlies F, Keckstein J, Ulrich U et al. ENZIAN-score. Eine Klassifikation der tiefen infiltrierenden Endometriose. Zentralbl Gynäkol 2005; 127: 275-281
184 Ulrich U, Rhiem K, Kaminski M et al. Parametrial and rectovaginal adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15: 1206-1209
185 Ulrich U, Nawroth F, Dorn C. Endometriose. Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie. In: Ludwig M, Hrsg. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin. München: Hans Marseille Verlag; 2010: 219-227
186 Ulrich U, Drienko E, Müller F et al. Chirurgische Therapie der Endometriose: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. Med Forschg/Exzellenzforschung in der Medizin 2012; 3: 56-62
187 Van Gorp T, Amant F, Neven P et al. Endometriosis and the development of malignant tumours of the pelvis. A review of literature. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 18: 349-371
188 Van Holsbeke C, Van Calster B, Guerriero S et al. Endometriomas: their ultrasound characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 35: 730-740
189 Vercellini P, Vendola N, Bocciolone L et al. Laparoscopic aspiration of ovarian endometriomas. Effect with postoperative gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment. J Reprod Med 1992; 37: 577-580
190 Vercellini P, Trespidi L, Colombo A et al. A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1993; 60: 75-79
191 Vercellini P, Trespidi L, De Giorgi O et al. Endometriosis and pelvic pain: relation to disease stage and localization. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 299-304
192 Vercellini P, Frontino G, DeGiorgi O. Continuous use of an oral contraceptive for endometriosis-associated recurrent dysmenorrhea that does not respond to a cyclic pill regimen. Fertil Steril 2003; a 80: 560-563
193 Vercellini P, Aimi G, Busacca M et al. Laparoscopic uterosacral ligament resection for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: results of a randomized, controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2003; b 80: 310-319
194 Vlahos NF, Kalampokas T, Fotiou S. Endometriosis and ovarian cancer: a review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 28: 1-7
195 Vlahos NF, Economopoulos KP, Fotiou S. Endometriosis, in vitro fertilisation and the risk of gynaecological malignancies, including ovarian and breast cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 24: 39-50
196 Volpi E, Peano E, Ferrero A et al. Association between ovarian endometriosis and malignancy in the peri-menopausal period: report of two cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Surg 2008; 7: 13-17
197 Wada S, Kudo M, Minakami H. Spontaneous uterine rupture of a twin pregnancy after a laparoscopic adenomyomectomy: a case report. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2006; 13: 166-168
198 Walter AJ, Hentz JG, Magtibay PM et al. Endometriosis: correlation between histologic and visual findings at laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184: 1407-1411
199 Wiesender CCT. Pelvic Pain Clinic: a multidisciplinary Approach. In: Li TC, Ledger WL, ed. Chronic pelvic Pain. Abingdon-Oxford: Taylor & Francis; 2012: 197-210
200 Yeung Jr. P, Sinervo K, Winer W et al. Complete laparoscopic excision of endometriosis in teenagers: is postoperative hormonal suppression necessary?. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1909-1912
201 Yu HT, Huang HY, Soong YK et al. Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy of endometriomas: surgeonsʼ experience may affect ovarian reserve and live-born rate in infertile patients with in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 152: 172-175
202 Zanetta GM, Webb MJ, Li H et al. Hyperestrogenism: a relevant risk factor for the development of cancer from endometriosis. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 79: 18-22
203 Zheng H, Gao Y. Serum HE4 as a useful biomarker in discriminating ovarian cancer from benign pelvic disease. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012; 22: 1000-1005
204 Zhu X, Proctor M, Bensoussan A et al. Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; (16) CD005288
205 Zhu X, Hamilton KD, McNicol ED. Acupuncture for pain in endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (9) CD007864
206 Zilberman S, Ballester M, Touboul C et al. Partial colpectomy is a risk factor for urologic complications of colorectal resection for endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013; 20: 49-55
207 Zupi E, Marconi D, Sbracia M et al. Add-back therapy in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 1303-1308