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Horm Metab Res 2015; 47(04): 289-296
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382011
Endocrine Care
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effects of a 12-Month Moderate Weight Loss Intervention on Insulin Sensitivity and Inflammation Status in Nondiabetic Overweight and Obese Subjects

T. P. Ho
1   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
2   NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
X. Zhao
1   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
A. B. Courville
3   Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
J. D. Linderman
1   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
S. Smith
1   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
N. Sebring
3   Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
D. M. Della Valle
3   Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
B. Fitzpatrick
3   Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
L. Simchowitz
1   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
,
F. S. Celi
1   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
4   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 18 February 2014

accepted 13 May 2014

Publication Date:
30 June 2014 (online)

Also available at
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Abstract

Weight loss intervention is the principal non-pharmacological method for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, little is known whether it influences insulin sensitivity directly or via its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to assess the independent role of changes in inflammation status and weight loss on insulin sensitivity in this population.

Overweight and obese nondiabetic participants without co-morbidities underwent a one-year weight loss intervention focused on caloric restriction and behavioral support. Markers of inflammation, body composition, anthropometric para­meters, and insulin sensitivity were recorded at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and Minimal Model. Twenty-eight participants (F: 15, M: 13, age 39±5 years, BMI 33.2±4.6 kg/m2) completed the study, achieving 9.4±6.9% weight loss, which was predominantly fat mass (7.7±5.6 kg, p<0.0001). Dietary intervention resulted in significant decrease in leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, hs-CRP, and IL-6 (all p<0.02), and improvement in HOMA-IR and Insulin Sensitivity Index (SI) (both p<0.001). In response to weight loss IL-1β, IL-2, leptin, and resistin were significantly associated with insulin, sensitivity, whereas sICAM-1 had only marginal additive effect. Moderate weight loss in otherwise healthy overweight and obese individuals resulted in an improvement in insulin sensitivity and in the overall inflammation state; the latter played only a minimal independent role in modulating insulin sensitivity.

Key words

insulin sensitivity - inflammation - obesity - weight loss - leptin
 

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