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Aktuelle Kardiologie 2015; 4(1): 28-36
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396160
Übersichtsarbeit
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Ventrikelseptumdefekt

Ventricular Septal Defect
D. Id
Sankt Katharinen, CardioVasculäresCentrum, Frankfurt am Main
,
M. Hornung
Sankt Katharinen, CardioVasculäresCentrum, Frankfurt am Main
,
H. Sievert
Sankt Katharinen, CardioVasculäresCentrum, Frankfurt am Main
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 February 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Ventrikelseptumdefekte sind die häufigsten aller kongenitalen Herzfehler und sind meist mit anderen kongenitalen Herzfehlern assoziiert. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Lage und Größe der Ventrikelseptumdefekte gibt es ein weites Spektrum klinischer Symptomatik und Therapieoptionen. Die Defekte liegen meist im perimembranösen Septumanteil, wobei die hämodynamische Auswirkung von der Defektgröße und dem pulmonalen Gefäßwiderstand abhängt. Kleine restriktive Ventrikelseptumdefekte ohne Symptomatik und hämodynamische Relevanz erfordern zunächst keine spezifische Therapie. Die frühzeitige Behandlung von mittleren und großen Ventrikelseptumdefekten mit großem Shuntvolumen verhindert das Auftreten von Komplikationen und sollte innerhalb des 1. Lebensjahrs erfolgen. Der interventionelle Defektverschluss kann bei perimembranösen oder muskulären Ventrikelseptumdefekten in Erwägung gezogen werden.

Abstract

Isolated ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defects and are usually associated with other congenital cardiac malformations. Their clinical presentation and treatment vary greatly, because of different defect locations and sizes. Ventricular septal defects are mostly located in the perimembranous septum. The hemodynamic implication depends on the size of the defect and the pulmonary vascular resistance. Small restrictive ventricular septal defects without symptoms and hemodynamic relevance primarily require no specific therapy. Early treatment of medium and large sized ventricular septal defects with large shunt volume prevents complications and should be performed within the first year of life. Interventional defect closure should be considered in perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects.

Schlüsselwörter

kongenitale Herzfehler - Ventrikelseptumdefekt - Pathophysiologie - Shunt - Therapie

Key words

congenital heart defects - ventricular septal defect - pathophysiology - shunt - treatment
 

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