Ultraschall Med 2016; 37(02): 201-205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398841
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

CEUS Time Intensity Curves in the Differentiation Between Leydig Cell Carcinoma and Seminoma: A Multicenter Study

CEUS-Zeitintensitätskurven zur Differenzierung von Leydig-Zell-Karzinomen und Seminomen: Eine Multizenterstudie
F. M. Drudi
,
M. Valentino
2   Radiology, General Hospital, Tolmezzo, Italy
,
M. Bertolotto
3   Radiology, Universty of Trieste, Italy
,
F. Malpassini
1   Department of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
,
F. Maghella
1   Department of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
,
V. Cantisani
1   Department of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
,
M. Liberatore
1   Department of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
,
C. De Felice
4   Radioligical sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Univ. Sapienza, Rome, Italy
,
F. D'Ambrosio
1   Department of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

17 June 2014

20 November 2014

Publication Date:
21 January 2015 (online)

Abstract

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) is the main imaging technique in the assessment of testicular masses, as it has proved to be highly accurate in the visualization of these pathologies. Identification of a Leydig cell tumor is essential since the lesion is benign in 90 % of cases. The aim of this multicenter study is to assess the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating Leydig cell tumors from seminoma using qualitative and quantitative features.

Materials and Methods: From February 2011 to December 2013, 31 patients (mean age: 34 years; range: 25 – 52) were recruited for this prospective study. Three of them were monorchid. Therefore, a total of 59 testicles were assessed. All patients underwent grayscale US, color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), CEUS and orchiectomy. The paired one-tailed Student‘s t-test was carried out to differentiate between Leydig cell tumors and seminomas.

Results: 31 lesions suspicious for malignancy were hypoechoic on grayscale US while they did not show a typical pattern on CDUS. CEUS qualitative analysis, based on contrast enhancement pattern, during the arterial and venous phases, did not allow discrimination of Leydig cell tumors from seminoma. Quantitative analysis of time-intensity curves (TICs) demonstrated that only three parameters presented statistical significance, i. e. wash-in rate (WiR) p = 0.014, peak enhancement (PE) p = 0.001 and time to peak (TTP) p = 0.003.

Conclusion: The vascular bed of a Leydig cell tumor is wider and the blood flow velocity is higher than that of a seminoma due to more regular neovascularization. In contrast, a seminoma presents large areas of necrosis due to irregular neovascularization. This explains the different PE and WiR values. Further studies involving larger patient populations are mandatory to confirm these encouraging preliminary results.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Die Sonografie (US) ist das wichtigste bildgebende Verfahren Hodentumoren mit großer Genauigkeit zu erkennen. Die Identifizierung von Leydig-Zell-Tumoren ist äußerst wichtig, da die Läsion in 90 % der Fälle gutartig ist. Diese Multizenterstudie soll die Effizienz des kontrastverstärkten Ultraschalls (CEUS) bei der Differenzierung von Leydig-Zell-Tumoren und Seminomen mittels qualitativer und quantitativer Merkmale untersuchen.

Material und Methoden: Von Februar 2011 bis Dezember 2013 wurden 31 Patienten (mittleres Alter 34 Jahre, 25 – 52) für diese prospektive Studie rekrutiert. Drei Patienten hatten nur einen Hoden, so dass 59 Hoden bewertet wurden. Bei allen Patienten wurde sowohl Graustufen-US, Farbdoppler-Ultraschall (CDUS), CEUS als auch eine Orchiektomie durchgeführt. Der gepaarte einseitige Student‘s t-Test wurde zur Differenzierung von Leydig-Zell-Tumoren und Seminomen angewandt.

Ergebnisse: 31 Läsionen mit Malignitätsverdacht erschienen im B-Bild echoarm, während sie im CDUS kein typisches Muster zeigten. Die qualitative CEUS-Analyse basierend auf den Kontrastaufnahme-Mustern während der arteriellen und venösen Phasen erlaubten keine Unterscheidung zwischen Leydig-Zell-Tumoren und Seminomen. In der quantitativen Analyse der Zeit-Intensitäts-Kurven (TICs) zeigten sich verschiedene Parameter: die Wash-in Rate (WiR) p = 0,014, die Spitzen-Kontrastaufnahme (PE) p = 0,001 und die Time to Peak (TTP) p = 0,003.

Schlussfolgerung: Das Gefäßbett eines Leydig-Zell-Tumors ist aufgrund der regelmäßigeren Neovaskularisation größer, und die Blutflussgeschwindigkeit ist höher als beim Seminom. Seminome zeigten dagegen eine irreguläre Neovaskularisation und ausgedehnte nekrotische Bereiche. Dies erklärt die unterschiedlichen PE und WiR-Werte. Weitere Studien mit größeren Patientenpopulationen sind notwendig, um diese ermutigenden vorläufigen Ergebnisse zu bestätigen.

 
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